Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites
This study explores the effects of hybridizing flax fabric (F) with carbon/Kevlar fabric (CK) on key material properties, including density, water absorption, void content, tensile properties, impact resistance, and thermogravimetric stability. The composites were fabricated using compression moldin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor and Francis
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/1/118583.pdf |
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| author | Ismail, Ahmad Safwan Jawaid, Mohammad Zainudin, Edi Syams Yahaya, Ridwan Alothman, Othman Y. Abu-Jdayil, Basim Sain, M. |
| author_facet | Ismail, Ahmad Safwan Jawaid, Mohammad Zainudin, Edi Syams Yahaya, Ridwan Alothman, Othman Y. Abu-Jdayil, Basim Sain, M. |
| author_sort | Ismail, Ahmad Safwan |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study explores the effects of hybridizing flax fabric (F) with carbon/Kevlar fabric (CK) on key material properties, including density, water absorption, void content, tensile properties, impact resistance, and thermogravimetric stability. The composites were fabricated using compression molding, employing different weight ratios of flax to carbon/Kevlar (F/CK): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, while keeping the fiber loading constant at 50 wt%. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were used as the polymer matrix. The results indicate that as the amount of carbon/Kevlar fabric increases, the density of the hybrid composites also increases while the moisture absorption decreases. The analysis of void content in the composites suggests that the fabricated composites are well-prepared, with void content measuring less than 2%. Combining flax fiber with carbon/Kevlar fiber produces a composite with improved mechanical characteristics. Notably, the hybrid composite with a ratio of 25:75 (F: CK) demonstrated superior tensile modulus and impact strength, showing improvements of 25.96% and 16.05%, respectively, compared to the carbon/Kevlar composite. Moreover, the residue at 800°C of the composites increased with an increase in the carbon/Kevlar fabric and the highest was shown by hybrid composites with the ratio of 25:75 (F:CK), where the residue is 39.96%. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:38:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118583 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:41:42Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Taylor and Francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1185832025-08-25T01:57:32Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/ Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites Ismail, Ahmad Safwan Jawaid, Mohammad Zainudin, Edi Syams Yahaya, Ridwan Alothman, Othman Y. Abu-Jdayil, Basim Sain, M. This study explores the effects of hybridizing flax fabric (F) with carbon/Kevlar fabric (CK) on key material properties, including density, water absorption, void content, tensile properties, impact resistance, and thermogravimetric stability. The composites were fabricated using compression molding, employing different weight ratios of flax to carbon/Kevlar (F/CK): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100, while keeping the fiber loading constant at 50 wt%. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were used as the polymer matrix. The results indicate that as the amount of carbon/Kevlar fabric increases, the density of the hybrid composites also increases while the moisture absorption decreases. The analysis of void content in the composites suggests that the fabricated composites are well-prepared, with void content measuring less than 2%. Combining flax fiber with carbon/Kevlar fiber produces a composite with improved mechanical characteristics. Notably, the hybrid composite with a ratio of 25:75 (F: CK) demonstrated superior tensile modulus and impact strength, showing improvements of 25.96% and 16.05%, respectively, compared to the carbon/Kevlar composite. Moreover, the residue at 800°C of the composites increased with an increase in the carbon/Kevlar fabric and the highest was shown by hybrid composites with the ratio of 25:75 (F:CK), where the residue is 39.96%. Taylor and Francis 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/1/118583.pdf Ismail, Ahmad Safwan and Jawaid, Mohammad and Zainudin, Edi Syams and Yahaya, Ridwan and Alothman, Othman Y. and Abu-Jdayil, Basim and Sain, M. (2025) Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites. Journal of Natural Fibers, 22 (1). pp. 1-18. ISSN 1544-0478; eISSN: 1544-046X https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15440478.2025.2461491 10.1080/15440478.2025.2461491 |
| spellingShingle | Ismail, Ahmad Safwan Jawaid, Mohammad Zainudin, Edi Syams Yahaya, Ridwan Alothman, Othman Y. Abu-Jdayil, Basim Sain, M. Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| title | Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| title_full | Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| title_fullStr | Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| title_short | Dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of Flax/Carbon/Kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| title_sort | dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal performance of flax/carbon/kevlar reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy hybridcomposites |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118583/1/118583.pdf |