Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major contributor to industrial oily wastewater in Malaysia, demanding effective treatment solutions. This study explores the potential of esterified kenaf core (EKC) fiber as an oil adsorbent for oil removal from POME, optimized using a full central composite desi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/1/118505.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867530756587520 |
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| author | Alias, Nor Halaliza Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Yaw, Thomas Choong Shean Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Ting, Teo Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Lee, Chuan Li Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi |
| author_facet | Alias, Nor Halaliza Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Yaw, Thomas Choong Shean Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Ting, Teo Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Lee, Chuan Li Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi |
| author_sort | Alias, Nor Halaliza |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major contributor to industrial oily wastewater in Malaysia, demanding effective treatment solutions. This study explores the potential of esterified kenaf core (EKC) fiber as an oil adsorbent for oil removal from POME, optimized using a full central composite design (CCD) within the response surface methodology (RSM) framework. The optimum conditions achieved 76% oil removal efficiency, with a 1:0.5 ratio of mercerized kenaf core to stearic acid (MKC:SA), 15 wt% of catalyst, and 1 h reflux time during the esterification process. The regression model exhibited strong predictive capability, with a significant quadratic correlation and an R2 value of 0.94. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the existence of ester functional groups characterized by significant hydrophobicity and a decrease in hydroxyl groups, indicating the chemical changes of EKC. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) research demonstrated structural alterations in EKC, including heightened surface roughness, fibrillation, and pore development, which improved oil adhesion relative to raw kenaf core (RKC). These findings indicate that EKC provides an effective, environmentally sustainable solution for managing oil wastewater issues in the palm oil sector, facilitating enhanced ecological sustainability and resource management. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:37:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-118505 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:37:58Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1185052025-07-17T04:05:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/ Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) Alias, Nor Halaliza Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Yaw, Thomas Choong Shean Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Ting, Teo Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Lee, Chuan Li Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major contributor to industrial oily wastewater in Malaysia, demanding effective treatment solutions. This study explores the potential of esterified kenaf core (EKC) fiber as an oil adsorbent for oil removal from POME, optimized using a full central composite design (CCD) within the response surface methodology (RSM) framework. The optimum conditions achieved 76% oil removal efficiency, with a 1:0.5 ratio of mercerized kenaf core to stearic acid (MKC:SA), 15 wt% of catalyst, and 1 h reflux time during the esterification process. The regression model exhibited strong predictive capability, with a significant quadratic correlation and an R2 value of 0.94. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the existence of ester functional groups characterized by significant hydrophobicity and a decrease in hydroxyl groups, indicating the chemical changes of EKC. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) research demonstrated structural alterations in EKC, including heightened surface roughness, fibrillation, and pore development, which improved oil adhesion relative to raw kenaf core (RKC). These findings indicate that EKC provides an effective, environmentally sustainable solution for managing oil wastewater issues in the palm oil sector, facilitating enhanced ecological sustainability and resource management. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2025-02-08 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/1/118505.pdf Alias, Nor Halaliza and Abdullah, Luqman Chuah and Yaw, Thomas Choong Shean and Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain and Ting, Teo Ming and Asis, Ahmad Jaril and Lee, Chuan Li and Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi (2025) Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Processes, 13 (2). art. no. 63. pp. 1-26. ISSN 2227-9717 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/2/463 Chemical engineering - Research Environmental engineering Biomass conversion - Research 10.3390/pr13020463 |
| spellingShingle | Chemical engineering - Research Environmental engineering Biomass conversion - Research Alias, Nor Halaliza Abdullah, Luqman Chuah Yaw, Thomas Choong Shean Md Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Ting, Teo Ming Asis, Ahmad Jaril Lee, Chuan Li Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
| title | Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
| title_full | Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
| title_fullStr | Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
| title_short | Esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) |
| title_sort | esterification of kenaf core fiber as a potential adsorbent for oil removal from palm oil mill effluent (pome) |
| topic | Chemical engineering - Research Environmental engineering Biomass conversion - Research |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118505/1/118505.pdf |