Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry
Tor tambroides is a species valued in Malaysian aquaculture but faces limitations in its potential due to slow growth. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah (Tor tambroides) fry. The objec...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/1/118143.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867443007553536 |
|---|---|
| author | Joshua, Wizilla Janti |
| author_facet | Joshua, Wizilla Janti |
| author_sort | Joshua, Wizilla Janti |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Tor tambroides is a species valued in Malaysian aquaculture but faces limitations in its
potential due to slow growth. This study was designed to investigate the effects of
Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance
of Kelah (Tor tambroides) fry. The objectives of this study were to determine the
nutritional profile of Chlorella sp. as potential candidate for live food enrichment; to
evaluate and compare the composition of unenriched and C. vulgaris enriched Artemia
sp. and Moina sp.; and to assess on the effects of C. vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and
Moina sp. in comparison to unenriched counterparts on the growth performance, survival
and expression of growth and immune genes of Tor tambroides fry. The identification of
C. vulgaris targeting 18S rRNA gene resulted nucleotide sequence of Chlorella sp. with
99.72% to 100% matches with C. vulgaris. The obtained lipid content was 3.29%, with
high PUFA content (67.04%). In the second study, Artemia sp. and Moina sp. were
enriched with C. vulgaris. The two-way ANOVA revealed that the type of livefood
(Artemia and Moina) and unenrichment versus enrichment had significantly influenced
the moisture and ash content (p<0.05). The enriched Artemia had the highest lipid content
(25.68%) and it was statistically different as compared to the unenriched and enriched
Moina (p<0.05). The linoleic acid was the highest in enriched Moina (12.19%). The total
PUFA was the highest in unenriched Artemia (41.61%), followed by enriched Artemia
(39.90%) but both treatments were not significant to one another (p>0.05). In the third
study, the fries were divided into four diet treatments; unenriched Artemia (UA);
enriched Artemia (EA); unenriched Moina (UM); enriched Moina (EM). The growth
parameters were significantly higher in fries group fed with enriched Artemia (p<0.05).
The variations of the growth genes suggested that there were differences in growth rate
in the fry groups, meanwhile the expression of MSTN was proposed to be related to other
physiological processes. The immune response genes showed similar pattern expressions
in enriched Artemia, suggesting its immunocompetency values. In conclusion,
enrichment of Artemia with C. vulgaris enhances the growth performance and
expressions of growth and immune response genes, making it a promising diet for slow
growing species like Tor tambroides |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:36:34Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upm-118143 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:36:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1181432025-06-26T08:25:27Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/ Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry Joshua, Wizilla Janti Tor tambroides is a species valued in Malaysian aquaculture but faces limitations in its potential due to slow growth. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah (Tor tambroides) fry. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional profile of Chlorella sp. as potential candidate for live food enrichment; to evaluate and compare the composition of unenriched and C. vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp.; and to assess on the effects of C. vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. in comparison to unenriched counterparts on the growth performance, survival and expression of growth and immune genes of Tor tambroides fry. The identification of C. vulgaris targeting 18S rRNA gene resulted nucleotide sequence of Chlorella sp. with 99.72% to 100% matches with C. vulgaris. The obtained lipid content was 3.29%, with high PUFA content (67.04%). In the second study, Artemia sp. and Moina sp. were enriched with C. vulgaris. The two-way ANOVA revealed that the type of livefood (Artemia and Moina) and unenrichment versus enrichment had significantly influenced the moisture and ash content (p<0.05). The enriched Artemia had the highest lipid content (25.68%) and it was statistically different as compared to the unenriched and enriched Moina (p<0.05). The linoleic acid was the highest in enriched Moina (12.19%). The total PUFA was the highest in unenriched Artemia (41.61%), followed by enriched Artemia (39.90%) but both treatments were not significant to one another (p>0.05). In the third study, the fries were divided into four diet treatments; unenriched Artemia (UA); enriched Artemia (EA); unenriched Moina (UM); enriched Moina (EM). The growth parameters were significantly higher in fries group fed with enriched Artemia (p<0.05). The variations of the growth genes suggested that there were differences in growth rate in the fry groups, meanwhile the expression of MSTN was proposed to be related to other physiological processes. The immune response genes showed similar pattern expressions in enriched Artemia, suggesting its immunocompetency values. In conclusion, enrichment of Artemia with C. vulgaris enhances the growth performance and expressions of growth and immune response genes, making it a promising diet for slow growing species like Tor tambroides 2023-07 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/1/118143.pdf Joshua, Wizilla Janti (2023) Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18354 Tor tambroides - Growth Artemia Chlorella vulgaris |
| spellingShingle | Tor tambroides - Growth Artemia Chlorella vulgaris Joshua, Wizilla Janti Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry |
| title | Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry |
| title_full | Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry |
| title_short | Effects of Chlorella vulgaris enriched Artemia sp. and Moina sp. to enhance growth performance of Kelah, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fry |
| title_sort | effects of chlorella vulgaris enriched artemia sp. and moina sp. to enhance growth performance of kelah, tor tambroides (bleeker, 1854) fry |
| topic | Tor tambroides - Growth Artemia Chlorella vulgaris |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/118143/1/118143.pdf |