Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model
Moringa oleifera, locally known as ‘Kelor’ in Malay, is a medicinal plant valued in Malaysia and other countries. It is renowned for its therapeutic bioactive compounds and offers significant health benefits, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the toxicity profile of eth...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/1/117791.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867342484766720 |
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| author | Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu Daud, Nur Liyana Ismail, Elysha Nur Shamsi, Suhaili Abdul Zahid, Intan Nurzulaikha |
| author_facet | Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu Daud, Nur Liyana Ismail, Elysha Nur Shamsi, Suhaili Abdul Zahid, Intan Nurzulaikha |
| author_sort | Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Moringa oleifera, locally known as ‘Kelor’ in Malay, is a medicinal plant valued in Malaysia and other countries. It is renowned for its therapeutic bioactive compounds and offers significant health benefits, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the toxicity profile of ethanolic M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) has not been well explored. This study aims to assess the toxicity profile of MOLE using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Zebrafish embryos were subjected to MOLE (n ≥ 15; 24h post-fertilisation (hpf)) at a concentration of 5-1000 μg/mL, and the survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological development of zebrafish embryos were monitored daily for up to 72 h. Embryo media was used as a control. MOLE treatment was shown to be safe at concentrations ≤ 400 μg/mL with LC50 values of 1186 ±7 μg/mL, 560.1 ±7 μg/mL, and 445.1 ± 7 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. A significant mortality rate and low heartbeat were recorded in embryos exposed to > 800 μg/mL across the three time points. MOLE did not affect the hatching rate. Although there was a significant difference observed in embryos treated with > 800 μg/mL at 72 h post-treatment, these were not attributable to MOLE effects, as the embryos had died before hatching. Scoliosis was predominantly observed in embryos subjected to MOLE concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 μg/mL. The present data demonstrated that MOLE exhibited concentration- and time-dependent toxicities. Further studies are needed to identify the effective concentrations of MOLE for therapeutic application in in vitro and in vivo models. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:34:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-117791 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:34:58Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Universiti Putra Malaysia Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1177912025-06-12T02:39:30Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/ Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu Daud, Nur Liyana Ismail, Elysha Nur Shamsi, Suhaili Abdul Zahid, Intan Nurzulaikha Moringa oleifera, locally known as ‘Kelor’ in Malay, is a medicinal plant valued in Malaysia and other countries. It is renowned for its therapeutic bioactive compounds and offers significant health benefits, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the toxicity profile of ethanolic M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) has not been well explored. This study aims to assess the toxicity profile of MOLE using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Zebrafish embryos were subjected to MOLE (n ≥ 15; 24h post-fertilisation (hpf)) at a concentration of 5-1000 μg/mL, and the survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological development of zebrafish embryos were monitored daily for up to 72 h. Embryo media was used as a control. MOLE treatment was shown to be safe at concentrations ≤ 400 μg/mL with LC50 values of 1186 ±7 μg/mL, 560.1 ±7 μg/mL, and 445.1 ± 7 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. A significant mortality rate and low heartbeat were recorded in embryos exposed to > 800 μg/mL across the three time points. MOLE did not affect the hatching rate. Although there was a significant difference observed in embryos treated with > 800 μg/mL at 72 h post-treatment, these were not attributable to MOLE effects, as the embryos had died before hatching. Scoliosis was predominantly observed in embryos subjected to MOLE concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 μg/mL. The present data demonstrated that MOLE exhibited concentration- and time-dependent toxicities. Further studies are needed to identify the effective concentrations of MOLE for therapeutic application in in vitro and in vivo models. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2025-05-16 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/1/117791.pdf Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu and Daud, Nur Liyana and Ismail, Elysha Nur and Shamsi, Suhaili and Abdul Zahid, Intan Nurzulaikha (2025) Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 48 (3). pp. 911-928. ISSN 1511-3701; eISSN: 2231-8542 http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/resources/files/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JTAS%20Vol.%2048%20(3)%20May.%202025/14%20JTAS-3227-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Sarchio, Seri Narti Edayu Daud, Nur Liyana Ismail, Elysha Nur Shamsi, Suhaili Abdul Zahid, Intan Nurzulaikha Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model |
| title | Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model |
| title_full | Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model |
| title_short | Toxicity assessment of ethanolic Moringa oleifera leaf extract (Mole) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model |
| title_sort | toxicity assessment of ethanolic moringa oleifera leaf extract (mole) using zebrafish (danio rerio) model |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117791/1/117791.pdf |