Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty
The rearing of young stock in tropical countries is considered a substantial investment for dairy farmers due to non-productivity and the higher risk of mortality in the first 2 to 3 years of youngstock life. ICalculating the rearing costs of young calves, espe-cially on non-commercial farms, is cha...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Institute of Agricultural Economics Nonprofit Kft.
2024
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/1/117239.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867197157376000 |
|---|---|
| author | Ang, Xin Tong Sithambaram, Shanmugavelu Hiew, Mark Wen Han Khairuddin, Uswah Shapiai, Mohd Ibrahim Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah Mohd Nor, Norhariani |
| author_facet | Ang, Xin Tong Sithambaram, Shanmugavelu Hiew, Mark Wen Han Khairuddin, Uswah Shapiai, Mohd Ibrahim Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah Mohd Nor, Norhariani |
| author_sort | Ang, Xin Tong |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The rearing of young stock in tropical countries is considered a substantial investment for dairy farmers due to non-productivity and the higher risk of mortality in the first 2 to 3 years of youngstock life. ICalculating the rearing costs of young calves, espe-cially on non-commercial farms, is challenging due to incomplete farm records. This study, which was conducted at Keningau, Sabah, East Malaysia, estimated the costs of rearing dairy young stock from birth to the first calving age, taking into account uncertainty regarding young stock mortality. A stochastic bioeconomic model was developed at the animal level to calculate the cost of young stock rearing. Our results revealed that the average total costs of rearing dairy young stock from birth to the first calving age for non-commercial and commercial farms were €1,689 and €1,645, with average mortality costs of €15 (0.88%) and €13 (0.79%), respectively. The first calving age of dairy young stock were 32.1 months (442.87 kg) and 24 months (585 kg) in non-commercial and commercial farms, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 2% decrease in mortality rate reduced rearing costs by €7 for non-commercial farms and €5 for commercial farms. In conclusion, non-commercial (small-scale) dairy farmers should pay more attention to the control and prevention of diseases to reduce mortality, as higher mortality rates have greater cost implications for smaller herds without proper health management. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:32:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-117239 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:32:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Institute of Agricultural Economics Nonprofit Kft. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1172392025-05-05T06:49:17Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/ Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty Ang, Xin Tong Sithambaram, Shanmugavelu Hiew, Mark Wen Han Khairuddin, Uswah Shapiai, Mohd Ibrahim Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah Mohd Nor, Norhariani The rearing of young stock in tropical countries is considered a substantial investment for dairy farmers due to non-productivity and the higher risk of mortality in the first 2 to 3 years of youngstock life. ICalculating the rearing costs of young calves, espe-cially on non-commercial farms, is challenging due to incomplete farm records. This study, which was conducted at Keningau, Sabah, East Malaysia, estimated the costs of rearing dairy young stock from birth to the first calving age, taking into account uncertainty regarding young stock mortality. A stochastic bioeconomic model was developed at the animal level to calculate the cost of young stock rearing. Our results revealed that the average total costs of rearing dairy young stock from birth to the first calving age for non-commercial and commercial farms were €1,689 and €1,645, with average mortality costs of €15 (0.88%) and €13 (0.79%), respectively. The first calving age of dairy young stock were 32.1 months (442.87 kg) and 24 months (585 kg) in non-commercial and commercial farms, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 2% decrease in mortality rate reduced rearing costs by €7 for non-commercial farms and €5 for commercial farms. In conclusion, non-commercial (small-scale) dairy farmers should pay more attention to the control and prevention of diseases to reduce mortality, as higher mortality rates have greater cost implications for smaller herds without proper health management. Institute of Agricultural Economics Nonprofit Kft. 2024-11 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/1/117239.pdf Ang, Xin Tong and Sithambaram, Shanmugavelu and Hiew, Mark Wen Han and Khairuddin, Uswah and Shapiai, Mohd Ibrahim and Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah and Mohd Nor, Norhariani (2024) Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty. Studies in Agricultural Economics, 126 (3). pp. 156-166. ISSN 1418-2106; eISSN: 2063-0476 https://studies.hu/cost-estimation-for-rearing-dairy-young-stock-in-sabah-malaysia-a-stochastic-model-accounting-for-calf-mortality-uncertainty/ 10.7896/j.2950 |
| spellingShingle | Ang, Xin Tong Sithambaram, Shanmugavelu Hiew, Mark Wen Han Khairuddin, Uswah Shapiai, Mohd Ibrahim Mohd Suhaimi, Nurul Aisyah Mohd Nor, Norhariani Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| title | Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| title_full | Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| title_fullStr | Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| title_short | Cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in Sabah, Malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| title_sort | cost estimation for rearing dairy young stock in sabah, malaysia: a stochastic model accounting for calf mortality uncertainty |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117239/1/117239.pdf |