Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp
Xanthone, a bioactive compound from mangosteen pericarp (MP), is increasingly valued for its applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its diverse medicinal properties. However, optimizing extraction methods, particularly solvent selection and technique, remains a chall...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Institution of Chemical Engineers
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/3/117154.pdf |
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| author | Yao, Zhengyuan Wang, Xinsheng Mohammad Rashedi, Ismail Fitry Chong, Gunhean |
| author_facet | Yao, Zhengyuan Wang, Xinsheng Mohammad Rashedi, Ismail Fitry Chong, Gunhean |
| author_sort | Yao, Zhengyuan |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Xanthone, a bioactive compound from mangosteen pericarp (MP), is increasingly valued for its applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its diverse medicinal properties. However, optimizing extraction methods, particularly solvent selection and technique, remains a challenge. This study introduces an innovative binary solvent mixture of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and ethanol, combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), to significantly enhance xanthone yield. Solubility studies of xanthone in ethanol-VCO mixtures were conducted at four temperatures (303.15–323.15 K) across eleven volume ratios (0:1–1:0). The results demonstrated that the mixed-solvent achieved superior xanthone solubility compared to pure ethanol or VCO, with the maximum solubility (0.0329 g/g) observed at a VCO mass fraction of 0.63 at 323.15 K. The Jouyban- Acree model was modified and successfully correlated the solubility data, achieving an R2 value of 0.999. Applying this optimized solvent mixture in UAE, xanthone concentration increased by up to 12 % compared to VCO alone with α-mangostin reaching 83.167 mg/g MP, with a linear relationship observed between ultrasound intensity, extraction time, and xanthone yield. The kinetics of UAE were effectively modeled using Peleg’s model, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model type 2, and the Response Surface Method. This mixed solvent method offers a more efficient and sustainable alternative to single-solvent, representing a significant advancement in xanthone extraction technology. The plant oil-based binary solvent developed in this study introduces a novel option for researchers working on the extraction of green plant compounds. Furthermore, it holds promising applications across various chemical engineering industries. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:32:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-117154 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:32:21Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Institution of Chemical Engineers |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1171542025-05-08T06:01:40Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/ Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp Yao, Zhengyuan Wang, Xinsheng Mohammad Rashedi, Ismail Fitry Chong, Gunhean Xanthone, a bioactive compound from mangosteen pericarp (MP), is increasingly valued for its applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its diverse medicinal properties. However, optimizing extraction methods, particularly solvent selection and technique, remains a challenge. This study introduces an innovative binary solvent mixture of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and ethanol, combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), to significantly enhance xanthone yield. Solubility studies of xanthone in ethanol-VCO mixtures were conducted at four temperatures (303.15–323.15 K) across eleven volume ratios (0:1–1:0). The results demonstrated that the mixed-solvent achieved superior xanthone solubility compared to pure ethanol or VCO, with the maximum solubility (0.0329 g/g) observed at a VCO mass fraction of 0.63 at 323.15 K. The Jouyban- Acree model was modified and successfully correlated the solubility data, achieving an R2 value of 0.999. Applying this optimized solvent mixture in UAE, xanthone concentration increased by up to 12 % compared to VCO alone with α-mangostin reaching 83.167 mg/g MP, with a linear relationship observed between ultrasound intensity, extraction time, and xanthone yield. The kinetics of UAE were effectively modeled using Peleg’s model, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model type 2, and the Response Surface Method. This mixed solvent method offers a more efficient and sustainable alternative to single-solvent, representing a significant advancement in xanthone extraction technology. The plant oil-based binary solvent developed in this study introduces a novel option for researchers working on the extraction of green plant compounds. Furthermore, it holds promising applications across various chemical engineering industries. Institution of Chemical Engineers 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/3/117154.pdf Yao, Zhengyuan and Wang, Xinsheng and Mohammad Rashedi, Ismail Fitry and Chong, Gunhean (2025) Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 150. pp. 350-359. ISSN 0960-3085 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960308525000252 10.1016/j.fbp.2025.02.004 |
| spellingShingle | Yao, Zhengyuan Wang, Xinsheng Mohammad Rashedi, Ismail Fitry Chong, Gunhean Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| title | Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| title_full | Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| title_short | Synergistic effect of a VCO-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| title_sort | synergistic effect of a vco-ethanol solvent mixture and ultrasound-assisted extraction in enhancing xanthone extraction from mangosteen pericarp |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117154/3/117154.pdf |