Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties
Herein, we investigated the chemically modified Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites synthesised by solid-state reaction from the perspectives of doping mechanisms, microstructural and dielectric properties. The Rietveld refinement analysis affirmed that these perovskites possess a cubic s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/1/117147.pdf |
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| author | Feng, Y. Tan, Kar Ban Sulaiman, Y. Lim, H.N. Chan, K.Y. Chang, S.K. Lu, M. Han, W.J. |
| author_facet | Feng, Y. Tan, Kar Ban Sulaiman, Y. Lim, H.N. Chan, K.Y. Chang, S.K. Lu, M. Han, W.J. |
| author_sort | Feng, Y. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Herein, we investigated the chemically modified Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites synthesised by solid-state reaction from the perspectives of doping mechanisms, microstructural and dielectric properties. The Rietveld refinement analysis affirmed that these perovskites possess a cubic structure with a space group of Pm 3‾ m. The polyhedral grains ranged from 225 to 88 nm, exhibiting a gradual decrease due to increasing Sn4+ concentration. Meanwhile, the chemical stoichiometry and oxidation states of the constituent elements were validated by the elemental analyses using ICP-OES, EDS and XPS, respectively. The FT-IR spectra displayed a slight blue shift related to the NbO6 octahedra; whilst, the Raman spectroscopy confirmed a vibration of SnO6 octahedra. A strong correlation was observed between the dielectric properties and various factors including pellet density, polarisation per molar volume, packing fraction and bond valence sum. Notably, the impedance study revealed the behaviours of negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) and non-Debye relaxation in these perovskites. The AC conductivity was also found to follow a conduction barrier hopping (CBH) model over the temperature range of 500–700 °C, suggesting that the charge carrier could be attributed to double ionised oxygen vacancies (Vo••) in the host structure. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:32:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-117147 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:32:19Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1171472025-05-05T08:19:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/ Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties Feng, Y. Tan, Kar Ban Sulaiman, Y. Lim, H.N. Chan, K.Y. Chang, S.K. Lu, M. Han, W.J. Herein, we investigated the chemically modified Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites synthesised by solid-state reaction from the perspectives of doping mechanisms, microstructural and dielectric properties. The Rietveld refinement analysis affirmed that these perovskites possess a cubic structure with a space group of Pm 3‾ m. The polyhedral grains ranged from 225 to 88 nm, exhibiting a gradual decrease due to increasing Sn4+ concentration. Meanwhile, the chemical stoichiometry and oxidation states of the constituent elements were validated by the elemental analyses using ICP-OES, EDS and XPS, respectively. The FT-IR spectra displayed a slight blue shift related to the NbO6 octahedra; whilst, the Raman spectroscopy confirmed a vibration of SnO6 octahedra. A strong correlation was observed between the dielectric properties and various factors including pellet density, polarisation per molar volume, packing fraction and bond valence sum. Notably, the impedance study revealed the behaviours of negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) and non-Debye relaxation in these perovskites. The AC conductivity was also found to follow a conduction barrier hopping (CBH) model over the temperature range of 500–700 °C, suggesting that the charge carrier could be attributed to double ionised oxygen vacancies (Vo••) in the host structure. Elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/1/117147.pdf Feng, Y. and Tan, Kar Ban and Sulaiman, Y. and Lim, H.N. and Chan, K.Y. and Chang, S.K. and Lu, M. and Han, W.J. (2025) Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties. Ceramics International, 51 (3). pp. 3097-3108. ISSN 0272-8842 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272884224053847 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.285 |
| spellingShingle | Feng, Y. Tan, Kar Ban Sulaiman, Y. Lim, H.N. Chan, K.Y. Chang, S.K. Lu, M. Han, W.J. Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| title | Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| title_full | Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| title_short | Influence of Sn4+ substitution on the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xSnxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: Doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| title_sort | influence of sn4+ substitution on the ba(zn1/3nb2/3)1-xsnxo3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) perovskites: doping mechanism, structural and dielectric properties |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117147/1/117147.pdf |