Metabolite profiling, identification and quantification of pectoralis major and serum from different chicken breeds
In Malaysia, local village chicken, known as “Ayam kampung”, is a premium chicken meat sold at a higher price than other chicken breeds. Food fraud involving the sale of colored broiler chicken as village chicken is motivated by a three to four-fold increase in profit due to their similar appeara...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117133/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/117133/1/117133.pdf |
| Summary: | In Malaysia, local village chicken, known as “Ayam kampung”, is a premium
chicken meat sold at a higher price than other chicken breeds. Food fraud
involving the sale of colored broiler chicken as village chicken is motivated by a
three to four-fold increase in profit due to their similar appearances and size. A
previous study of chicken and beef products in Malaysia's local markets reported
that approximately 78% of these products were associated with meat substitution
and mislabelling. The objectives of this study are to distinguish four chicken
breeds and further identify potential distinguishing metabolites corresponding to
each chicken breed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with an untargeted
metabolomics approach. Four types of chicken breeds were obtained from
commercial farms, comprising of local village chicken, broiler chicken (Cobb),
spent laying chicken (Dekalb), and colored broiler chicken (Hubbard). All
pectoralis major and serum samples of four chicken breeds were analyzed using
GC-MS and NMR. The multivariate analysis was applied through principal
component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant
analysis (OPLS-DA) assessments for GC-MS and NMR results. For GC-MS, all
four chicken breeds were successfully separated into three distinct groups, with
30 and 40 characteristic metabolites identified for the pectoralis major and
serum, respectively. Similarly, for NMR, all four chicken breeds were separated
into three main groups, with 14 and 14 characteristic metabolites identified for
the pectoralis major and serum, respectively. Both pectoralis major and serum
were characterized by an abundance of metabolites comprising amino acids
(alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, threonine, serine), fatty acid (linoleic acid),
nucleotides (inosine monophosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide),
organic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid), peptide
(anserine), sugars (allose and glucose), sugar alcohol (myo-inositol), and other
compounds under both analytical platforms. From the multivariate analysis, local
village chicken was successfully differentiated from other commercial breeds by
pectoralis major and serum under GC-MS and NMR, respectively. The present
GC-MS results for pectoralis major showed that local village chicken was not
separated from colored broiler (Hubbard). In conclusion, the present results
proved that an untargeted metabolomics approach coupled with GC-MS and
NMR is suitable for differentiating different chicken breeds from commercial
farms. The identified potential metabolites characterized for respective chicken
breeds derived from multivariate analysis provide basic information on
discriminating metabolites and references in chicken meat authentication for
related regulatory authorities. |
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