Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) refer to the care of the women and fetus during pregnancy to monitor the maternal health and fetus growth. Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) recommended first ANC has to book within 12 gestational weeks. After 12 gestational weeks, it will be considered as late...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/1/116537.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848867028782284800 |
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| author | Nasir, Faizah |
| author_facet | Nasir, Faizah |
| author_sort | Nasir, Faizah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) refer to the care of the women and fetus
during pregnancy to monitor the maternal health and fetus growth. Ministry of
Health Malaysia (MOH) recommended first ANC has to book within 12
gestational weeks. After 12 gestational weeks, it will be considered as late ANC
booking. MOH has an expected target for late ANC booking should be less than
20%, however prevalence of late ANC booking in Malaysia still higher than
targeted figure. Late ANC booking has been proved that will reduce the chances
of detecting the maternal and baby health complication, eventually reducing the
chances of providing treatment promptly. Up to now, there are few studies to
investigate the factors associated with late booking on antenatal care in
Malaysia.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and
factors of late booking on antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang,
Selangor.
Methodology: The sample size of this cross-sectional study was 500 pregnant
women in the first, second, and third trimesters who registered at government
health clinics in Sepang District, Selangor. A simple random sampling method
was used to recruit the respondents. Self-administrated questionnaires and
performa were used to collect the data. Multiple logistic regression was used to
determine factors associated with late ANC booking.
Result: The response rate was 98.4%, with a total of 492 pregnant women
recruited. The prevalence of late ANC booking was 27.6% (136). Factors
statistically significant associated with late ANC booking were knowledge of
antenatal care, parity, and mode of the previous delivery. Pregnant women with
a poor knowledge on antenatal care (AOR=1.604, 95% CI:1.022,2.517, Pvalue=
0.040), higher parity (AOR=1.225, 95% CI:1.003,1.495, P-value=0.046),
previous experience of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) (AOR=2.855, 95%
CI:1.227,6.645, P-value=0.015) and did not have any experience on delivery
(AOR=2.906, 95% CI:1.147,7.364, P-value=0.025) were more likely to have late
ANC booking.
Conclusion: The prevalence of late ANC booking of this study was higher than
MOH targeted. It is necessary to provide health education on the importance of
early ANC booking to the new married couple to increase their probability of
getting early antenatal care when they are pregnant. Appropriate health program
can be devised for targeted population with certain characteristics (pregnant
women with poor knowledge on antenatal care, higher parity, previous
experience of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and did not have any
experience on previous delivery) to reduce the probability of late ANC booking,
eventually increasing the chances of detecting any complication during
pregnancy and achieving the target settled by MOH. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:29:59Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upm-116537 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:29:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1165372025-06-10T08:46:28Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/ Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia Nasir, Faizah Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) refer to the care of the women and fetus during pregnancy to monitor the maternal health and fetus growth. Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) recommended first ANC has to book within 12 gestational weeks. After 12 gestational weeks, it will be considered as late ANC booking. MOH has an expected target for late ANC booking should be less than 20%, however prevalence of late ANC booking in Malaysia still higher than targeted figure. Late ANC booking has been proved that will reduce the chances of detecting the maternal and baby health complication, eventually reducing the chances of providing treatment promptly. Up to now, there are few studies to investigate the factors associated with late booking on antenatal care in Malaysia. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors of late booking on antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor. Methodology: The sample size of this cross-sectional study was 500 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters who registered at government health clinics in Sepang District, Selangor. A simple random sampling method was used to recruit the respondents. Self-administrated questionnaires and performa were used to collect the data. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with late ANC booking. Result: The response rate was 98.4%, with a total of 492 pregnant women recruited. The prevalence of late ANC booking was 27.6% (136). Factors statistically significant associated with late ANC booking were knowledge of antenatal care, parity, and mode of the previous delivery. Pregnant women with a poor knowledge on antenatal care (AOR=1.604, 95% CI:1.022,2.517, Pvalue= 0.040), higher parity (AOR=1.225, 95% CI:1.003,1.495, P-value=0.046), previous experience of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) (AOR=2.855, 95% CI:1.227,6.645, P-value=0.015) and did not have any experience on delivery (AOR=2.906, 95% CI:1.147,7.364, P-value=0.025) were more likely to have late ANC booking. Conclusion: The prevalence of late ANC booking of this study was higher than MOH targeted. It is necessary to provide health education on the importance of early ANC booking to the new married couple to increase their probability of getting early antenatal care when they are pregnant. Appropriate health program can be devised for targeted population with certain characteristics (pregnant women with poor knowledge on antenatal care, higher parity, previous experience of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and did not have any experience on previous delivery) to reduce the probability of late ANC booking, eventually increasing the chances of detecting any complication during pregnancy and achieving the target settled by MOH. 2022-01 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/1/116537.pdf Nasir, Faizah (2022) Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18283 Prenatal Care Maternal Health Services |
| spellingShingle | Prenatal Care Maternal Health Services Nasir, Faizah Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title | Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full | Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_short | Prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_sort | prevalence of late booking and factors of antenatal care among pregnant women in sepang, selangor, malaysia |
| topic | Prenatal Care Maternal Health Services |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116537/1/116537.pdf |