Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia
Introduction: Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is the screening tool for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a painful procedure that leads people to refuse it. Since there was no pain evaluation conducted, this study is to examine the pain prevalence and its predictors during NPS among COVID-19 sus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Putra Malaysia
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/1/116379.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866989743800320 |
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| author | Ismail, Fatin Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd Radzali, Mohd Hafiz Idlan |
| author_facet | Ismail, Fatin Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd Radzali, Mohd Hafiz Idlan |
| author_sort | Ismail, Fatin |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is the screening tool for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a painful procedure that leads people to refuse it. Since there was no pain evaluation conducted, this study is to examine the pain prevalence and its predictors during NPS among COVID-19 suspected cases at Central Malacca drive-through screening centre. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 screened respondents, selected through simple random sampling in May 2021. The pain category was divided into clinically significant pain (CSP) and Non-CSP using the Ministry of Health Pain Scale. Independent variables were the sociodemographic factors, frequency of NPS, operators' experience score and swab tip type. Data was collected using validated, self-administered Google form questionnaire, blasted via WhatsApp and the analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 26. Results: The response rate was 86.4% with 53.5% reported having CSP. Binary Logistic Regression revealed frequent NPS procedures (OR= 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38, p=0.040) and the nylon-flocked swab tip (OR= 2.08, 95% CI 1.24-3.49, p=0.006) have higher odds of CSP. Operator with more experience score is less likely to cause CSP to respondents (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, p <0.048). The predictors of CSP during NPS among COVID-19 suspected cases are of higher frequency of NPS and nylon-flocked swab tip. Increase operators' experience score is the protective factor for CSP. Conclusion: The painless saliva self-testing modality screening for COVID-19 is highly recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:29:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-116379 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:29:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1163792025-03-27T06:09:04Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/ Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia Ismail, Fatin Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd Radzali, Mohd Hafiz Idlan Introduction: Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is the screening tool for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a painful procedure that leads people to refuse it. Since there was no pain evaluation conducted, this study is to examine the pain prevalence and its predictors during NPS among COVID-19 suspected cases at Central Malacca drive-through screening centre. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 screened respondents, selected through simple random sampling in May 2021. The pain category was divided into clinically significant pain (CSP) and Non-CSP using the Ministry of Health Pain Scale. Independent variables were the sociodemographic factors, frequency of NPS, operators' experience score and swab tip type. Data was collected using validated, self-administered Google form questionnaire, blasted via WhatsApp and the analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 26. Results: The response rate was 86.4% with 53.5% reported having CSP. Binary Logistic Regression revealed frequent NPS procedures (OR= 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38, p=0.040) and the nylon-flocked swab tip (OR= 2.08, 95% CI 1.24-3.49, p=0.006) have higher odds of CSP. Operator with more experience score is less likely to cause CSP to respondents (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, p <0.048). The predictors of CSP during NPS among COVID-19 suspected cases are of higher frequency of NPS and nylon-flocked swab tip. Increase operators' experience score is the protective factor for CSP. Conclusion: The painless saliva self-testing modality screening for COVID-19 is highly recommended. Universiti Putra Malaysia 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/1/116379.pdf Ismail, Fatin and Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd and Radzali, Mohd Hafiz Idlan (2024) Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 20 (4). pp. 32-41. ISSN 1675-8544; eISSN: 2636-9346 https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/202407310909364_1185.pdf 10.47836/mjmhs.20.4.5 |
| spellingShingle | Ismail, Fatin Zulkefli, Nor Afiah Mohd Radzali, Mohd Hafiz Idlan Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia |
| title | Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia |
| title_full | Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia |
| title_short | Predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among Covid-19 suspected cases in Central Malacca, Malaysia |
| title_sort | predictors of pain during nasopharyngeal swab among covid-19 suspected cases in central malacca, malaysia |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116379/1/116379.pdf |