Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia

BACKGROUND: As climate change raises global temperatures, there remains a notable gap in understanding the body’s mechanisms of heat stress defense exhibited by Heat Shock Protein (HSP) within the populations. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the expression level of HSP70 in response to in...

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Main Authors: Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah, Md Akim, Abdah, Lim, Fang Lee, Karuppiah, Karmegam, Mohd Shabri, Nur Shabrina Azreen, How, Vivien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/1/116235.pdf
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author Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah
Md Akim, Abdah
Lim, Fang Lee
Karuppiah, Karmegam
Mohd Shabri, Nur Shabrina Azreen
How, Vivien
author_facet Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah
Md Akim, Abdah
Lim, Fang Lee
Karuppiah, Karmegam
Mohd Shabri, Nur Shabrina Azreen
How, Vivien
author_sort Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah
building UPM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description BACKGROUND: As climate change raises global temperatures, there remains a notable gap in understanding the body’s mechanisms of heat stress defense exhibited by Heat Shock Protein (HSP) within the populations. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the expression level of HSP70 in response to indoor heat exposure among vulnerable populations in both urban and rural settings. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional was conducted among 108 participants from urban and rural areas in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study included face-to-face interviews, indoor heat exposure monitoring, and thermal stress classification using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). HSP70 gene and protein expressions were analyzed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and HSP70 High Sensitivity Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS: Urban areas experienced signficantly higher UTCI heat exposure levels than rural areas (p < 0.001). In response to heat stress, vulnerable populations in urban areas exhibited higher HSP70 gene relative expression and HSP70 protein expression. A significant mean difference in the plasma HSP70 protein expression was observed between the two groups (p < 0.001). The linear mixed model (LMM) revealed a significant association between UTCI heat exposure levels and HSP70 gene and protein expression in both groups (p < 0.001).
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spelling upm-1162352025-03-24T03:15:05Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/ Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah Md Akim, Abdah Lim, Fang Lee Karuppiah, Karmegam Mohd Shabri, Nur Shabrina Azreen How, Vivien BACKGROUND: As climate change raises global temperatures, there remains a notable gap in understanding the body’s mechanisms of heat stress defense exhibited by Heat Shock Protein (HSP) within the populations. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the expression level of HSP70 in response to indoor heat exposure among vulnerable populations in both urban and rural settings. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional was conducted among 108 participants from urban and rural areas in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study included face-to-face interviews, indoor heat exposure monitoring, and thermal stress classification using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). HSP70 gene and protein expressions were analyzed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and HSP70 High Sensitivity Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS: Urban areas experienced signficantly higher UTCI heat exposure levels than rural areas (p < 0.001). In response to heat stress, vulnerable populations in urban areas exhibited higher HSP70 gene relative expression and HSP70 protein expression. A significant mean difference in the plasma HSP70 protein expression was observed between the two groups (p < 0.001). The linear mixed model (LMM) revealed a significant association between UTCI heat exposure levels and HSP70 gene and protein expression in both groups (p < 0.001). Springer Nature 2025-02 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/1/116235.pdf Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah and Md Akim, Abdah and Lim, Fang Lee and Karuppiah, Karmegam and Mohd Shabri, Nur Shabrina Azreen and How, Vivien (2025) Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. art. no. 4255. pp. 1-9. ISSN 1559-0631; eISSN: 1559-064X (In Press) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00764-4 10.1038/s41370-025-00764-4
spellingShingle Muhamad, Siti Nurfahirah
Md Akim, Abdah
Lim, Fang Lee
Karuppiah, Karmegam
Mohd Shabri, Nur Shabrina Azreen
How, Vivien
Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia
title Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_full Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_fullStr Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_short Heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_sort heat stress-induced heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expressions among vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas klang valley, malaysia
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116235/1/116235.pdf