Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis
Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composite is a relatively new material used to replace conventional wood in the fabrication of cross-arms for transmission towers. Much research has been undertaken on coupon-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms. However, a few have been completed on full...
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EDP Sciences
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/1/116078.pdf |
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| author | Amir, A.L. Yamunan, S. Ishak, M.R. Yidris, N. Zuhri, M.Y.M. |
| author_facet | Amir, A.L. Yamunan, S. Ishak, M.R. Yidris, N. Zuhri, M.Y.M. |
| author_sort | Amir, A.L. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composite is a relatively new material used to replace conventional wood in the fabrication of cross-arms for transmission towers. Much research has been undertaken on coupon-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms. However, a few have been completed on full-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms under actual operating load. Thus, this work investigates the effect of wrapping woven glass fiber fabric as an additional reinforcement on the creep reactions of PGFRP composite cross-arms installed in a 132 kV transmission tower. In the first stage of this research, the deflection of the original cross-arm under various loads ranging from 0 to 9 kN was evaluated and was followed by the actual working loads. This experiment was repeated on cross-arms wrapped with different numbers of glass fiber fabric layers around the weakest point of the beam. Then, the creep behaviors and responses of the woven glass fiber- reinforced cross-arms were evaluated and compared with the original cross-arms from the previous study. The actual operating load was applied to the PGFRP composite cross-arms for 1000 hours to study their capability to support the weight of electrical cables and insulators. In order to replicate the tropical climate, the cross-arm were mounted on a test rig in an open area. The findings of this study revealed that reinforcing the cross-arm by wrapping it with woven glass fiber fabric could extend its life and hence reduce the maintenance cost and effort for long-term usage. The finding of this study will also become essential knowledge on woven fabric wrapping applications on square profiles. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:28:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-116078 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:28:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1160782025-03-19T03:34:46Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/ Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis Amir, A.L. Yamunan, S. Ishak, M.R. Yidris, N. Zuhri, M.Y.M. Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composite is a relatively new material used to replace conventional wood in the fabrication of cross-arms for transmission towers. Much research has been undertaken on coupon-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms. However, a few have been completed on full-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms under actual operating load. Thus, this work investigates the effect of wrapping woven glass fiber fabric as an additional reinforcement on the creep reactions of PGFRP composite cross-arms installed in a 132 kV transmission tower. In the first stage of this research, the deflection of the original cross-arm under various loads ranging from 0 to 9 kN was evaluated and was followed by the actual working loads. This experiment was repeated on cross-arms wrapped with different numbers of glass fiber fabric layers around the weakest point of the beam. Then, the creep behaviors and responses of the woven glass fiber- reinforced cross-arms were evaluated and compared with the original cross-arms from the previous study. The actual operating load was applied to the PGFRP composite cross-arms for 1000 hours to study their capability to support the weight of electrical cables and insulators. In order to replicate the tropical climate, the cross-arm were mounted on a test rig in an open area. The findings of this study revealed that reinforcing the cross-arm by wrapping it with woven glass fiber fabric could extend its life and hence reduce the maintenance cost and effort for long-term usage. The finding of this study will also become essential knowledge on woven fabric wrapping applications on square profiles. EDP Sciences 2024-01-16 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/1/116078.pdf Amir, A.L. and Yamunan, S. and Ishak, M.R. and Yidris, N. and Zuhri, M.Y.M. (2024) Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis. E3S Web of Conferences, 477. art. no. 00007. ISSN 2267-1242 https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2024/07/e3sconf_star2024_00007/e3sconf_star2024_00007.html 10.1051/e3sconf/202447700007 |
| spellingShingle | Amir, A.L. Yamunan, S. Ishak, M.R. Yidris, N. Zuhri, M.Y.M. Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| title | Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| title_full | Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| title_fullStr | Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| title_short | Flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| title_sort | flexural creep behavior in utilization of woven glass-fibre as reinforcement in pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite cross-arms: experimental and numerical analysis |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/116078/1/116078.pdf |