Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication
The growing interest in Industry 4.0 has spurred the demand for reliable wireless communication. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) have pivotal role in emerging applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication wherein massive number of sparsely located...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/1/114847.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866613329133568 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmad, Zaid |
| author_facet | Ahmad, Zaid |
| author_sort | Ahmad, Zaid |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The growing interest in Industry 4.0 has spurred the demand for reliable
wireless communication. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) have
pivotal role in emerging applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) and
Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication wherein massive number of
sparsely located machines and sensor nodes are connected. Reliability and
robustness are compromised when LPWANs are deployed to support industrial
grade communication. Moreover, critical IoT applications have pressing
demands for high data rate and extended coverage with minimal information
loss. The design requirements of wireless M2M systems influence the choice of
modulation and diversity techniques, and the selection of spectrum. Rotating
Polarization Wave (RPW) is an LPWAN technology tested for highly reliable
M2M communication. It is a hybrid polarization-based modulation that exploits
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Polarization Diversity (PD) to provide
robust wireless connectivity. In this thesis, an enhanced RPW modulation is
proposed whereby a novel pair of complementary Multilevel PSK (MPSK)
modulators successfully generates an RPW waveform with multiple phase
shifts, hence termed as Rotating Polarization Multilevel Phase-Shift Keying (RPMPSK).
A novel channel model is also proposed that exploits quaternions to
account for the impact of multipath fading and channel depolarization on RPW
transmission. The model is referred to as Quaternion RPW (Q-RPW) model in
this thesis. Q-RPW simplifies computation involved in modeling and simulation
of RPW that is otherwise complex if classical dual-polarized channel models are
employed. Performance of RP-MPSK over multipath fading channel under noise
and interference conditions has been evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate BER
using the proposed Q-RPW model. The results show that uncoded RP-MPSK
modulation with the smallest sampling ratio of 3 attains BER profile similar to
that of BPSK system with second-order space diversity. Further improvement in
BER performance can be achieved provided higher sampling ratios are
maintained. Therefore, sampling ratio on RP-MPSK receiver is a practical tradeoff
between reliability and data rate. RPW with RP-MPSK also outperforms all
other forms of polarization in terms of BER. A comprehensive link budget
analysis is performed to demonstrate the potential of RPW as an enabling
technology for LPWAN. Sensitivity, Received Signal Strength (RSS), and
maximum range of RPW is determined. Results show that RP-MPSK exhibits an
excellent sensitivity level of -114 dBm under multipath conditions. The
minimum RSS in urban settings is -85 dBm while the maximum range achieved
by RP-MPSK in rural areas is 15 km despite shadowing and multipath fading.
RPW with proposed RP-MPSK modulation offers transmission rate of up to 500
kbps with a channel bandwidth of 125 kHz. However, in ISM band, channel
bandwidth can be increased to 500 kHz. Consequently, potential transmission
rates of up to 2 Mbps are feasible. Higher data rates translate to increased energy
efficiency as more data is transmitted in shorter time intervals to counterpoise
duty cycle limitations of ISM band. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:23:23Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upm-114847 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1148472025-02-24T08:07:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/ Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication Ahmad, Zaid The growing interest in Industry 4.0 has spurred the demand for reliable wireless communication. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) have pivotal role in emerging applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication wherein massive number of sparsely located machines and sensor nodes are connected. Reliability and robustness are compromised when LPWANs are deployed to support industrial grade communication. Moreover, critical IoT applications have pressing demands for high data rate and extended coverage with minimal information loss. The design requirements of wireless M2M systems influence the choice of modulation and diversity techniques, and the selection of spectrum. Rotating Polarization Wave (RPW) is an LPWAN technology tested for highly reliable M2M communication. It is a hybrid polarization-based modulation that exploits Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Polarization Diversity (PD) to provide robust wireless connectivity. In this thesis, an enhanced RPW modulation is proposed whereby a novel pair of complementary Multilevel PSK (MPSK) modulators successfully generates an RPW waveform with multiple phase shifts, hence termed as Rotating Polarization Multilevel Phase-Shift Keying (RPMPSK). A novel channel model is also proposed that exploits quaternions to account for the impact of multipath fading and channel depolarization on RPW transmission. The model is referred to as Quaternion RPW (Q-RPW) model in this thesis. Q-RPW simplifies computation involved in modeling and simulation of RPW that is otherwise complex if classical dual-polarized channel models are employed. Performance of RP-MPSK over multipath fading channel under noise and interference conditions has been evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate BER using the proposed Q-RPW model. The results show that uncoded RP-MPSK modulation with the smallest sampling ratio of 3 attains BER profile similar to that of BPSK system with second-order space diversity. Further improvement in BER performance can be achieved provided higher sampling ratios are maintained. Therefore, sampling ratio on RP-MPSK receiver is a practical tradeoff between reliability and data rate. RPW with RP-MPSK also outperforms all other forms of polarization in terms of BER. A comprehensive link budget analysis is performed to demonstrate the potential of RPW as an enabling technology for LPWAN. Sensitivity, Received Signal Strength (RSS), and maximum range of RPW is determined. Results show that RP-MPSK exhibits an excellent sensitivity level of -114 dBm under multipath conditions. The minimum RSS in urban settings is -85 dBm while the maximum range achieved by RP-MPSK in rural areas is 15 km despite shadowing and multipath fading. RPW with proposed RP-MPSK modulation offers transmission rate of up to 500 kbps with a channel bandwidth of 125 kHz. However, in ISM band, channel bandwidth can be increased to 500 kHz. Consequently, potential transmission rates of up to 2 Mbps are feasible. Higher data rates translate to increased energy efficiency as more data is transmitted in shorter time intervals to counterpoise duty cycle limitations of ISM band. 2022-06 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/1/114847.pdf Ahmad, Zaid (2022) Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18192 Wide area networks (Computer networks) Wireless communication systems |
| spellingShingle | Wide area networks (Computer networks) Wireless communication systems Ahmad, Zaid Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication |
| title | Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication |
| title_full | Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication |
| title_fullStr | Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication |
| title_short | Quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation Low Power Wide Area Network wireless communication |
| title_sort | quaternion model of enhanced rotating polarization wave for robust higher order modulation low power wide area network wireless communication |
| topic | Wide area networks (Computer networks) Wireless communication systems |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114847/1/114847.pdf |