Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights

This study explores the use of green solvent systems by investigating the solubility and thermodynamic properties of xanthone (1) in triglyceride-based tricaprin (2) and tricaprylin (3) mixtures, aiming to replace traditional organic solvents. The solubility profile exhibited a concave trend, and th...

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Main Authors: Liu, Hua, Stanslas, Johnson, Ren, Jiaoyan, Suleiman, Norhidayah, Chong, Gun-Hean
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central Ltd 2024
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/1/114799.pdf
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author Liu, Hua
Stanslas, Johnson
Ren, Jiaoyan
Suleiman, Norhidayah
Chong, Gun-Hean
author_facet Liu, Hua
Stanslas, Johnson
Ren, Jiaoyan
Suleiman, Norhidayah
Chong, Gun-Hean
author_sort Liu, Hua
building UPM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description This study explores the use of green solvent systems by investigating the solubility and thermodynamic properties of xanthone (1) in triglyceride-based tricaprin (2) and tricaprylin (3) mixtures, aiming to replace traditional organic solvents. The solubility profile exhibited a concave trend, and the highest solubility was observed at a solute-free fraction (x2) of 0.36. The solubility exponentially increased with increasing temperature in the range from 30 °C to 75 °C. The solubility data were effectively correlated using the local composition-regular solution theory (LC-RST) model and achieved an ARDln value of 4.8 × 10–3. The model indicated strong interactions between tricaprin and tricaprylin, followed by interactions between tricaprylin and xanthone and between tricaprin and xanthone. The dissolution process of xanthone was primarily enthalpy driven. Based on the structural analysis, xanthone maintained its molecular structure after dissolution in tricaprin and tricaprylin; however, changes in crystallinity levels were observed. These findings provide insights into the use of triglycerides as solvents to improve the solubility and bioaccessibility of hydrophobic compounds such as xanthone.
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spelling upm-1147992025-02-04T09:11:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/ Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights Liu, Hua Stanslas, Johnson Ren, Jiaoyan Suleiman, Norhidayah Chong, Gun-Hean This study explores the use of green solvent systems by investigating the solubility and thermodynamic properties of xanthone (1) in triglyceride-based tricaprin (2) and tricaprylin (3) mixtures, aiming to replace traditional organic solvents. The solubility profile exhibited a concave trend, and the highest solubility was observed at a solute-free fraction (x2) of 0.36. The solubility exponentially increased with increasing temperature in the range from 30 °C to 75 °C. The solubility data were effectively correlated using the local composition-regular solution theory (LC-RST) model and achieved an ARDln value of 4.8 × 10–3. The model indicated strong interactions between tricaprin and tricaprylin, followed by interactions between tricaprylin and xanthone and between tricaprin and xanthone. The dissolution process of xanthone was primarily enthalpy driven. Based on the structural analysis, xanthone maintained its molecular structure after dissolution in tricaprin and tricaprylin; however, changes in crystallinity levels were observed. These findings provide insights into the use of triglycerides as solvents to improve the solubility and bioaccessibility of hydrophobic compounds such as xanthone. BioMed Central Ltd 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/1/114799.pdf Liu, Hua and Stanslas, Johnson and Ren, Jiaoyan and Suleiman, Norhidayah and Chong, Gun-Hean (2024) Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights. BMC Chemistry, 18 (1). art. no. 239. pp. 1-11. ISSN 2661-801X https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13065-024-01329-6 10.1186/s13065-024-01329-6
spellingShingle Liu, Hua
Stanslas, Johnson
Ren, Jiaoyan
Suleiman, Norhidayah
Chong, Gun-Hean
Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
title Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
title_full Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
title_fullStr Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
title_full_unstemmed Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
title_short Exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
title_sort exploring green solvent systems and enhanced solubility of xanthone in triglyceride‑based tricaprin‑tricaprylin mixtures with thermodynamic insights
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114799/1/114799.pdf