Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol
Background: The manufacturing sector in Malaysia has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is further exacerbated by Long COVID-19 symptoms among the manufacturing workers, which are proven to influence work performance and quality of life. Of note, there is currently a lack of knowl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/1/114766.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866589147922432 |
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| author | Mohd Yusoff, Hanizah Che Mohamed, Norfariha Yew, Sheng Qian Mohammed Nawi, Azmawati Rashidah Ismail, Ohnmar Htwe Mohd Tohit, Noorlaili Mohamed, Zuraida Muhamad Noordin, Muhamad Ariff Mohd, Fazlin Hazirah Shariff, Mohammad Izzat Akmal Shaharum, Muaz Haqim Abd. Rahman, Anita Dapari, Rahmat |
| author_facet | Mohd Yusoff, Hanizah Che Mohamed, Norfariha Yew, Sheng Qian Mohammed Nawi, Azmawati Rashidah Ismail, Ohnmar Htwe Mohd Tohit, Noorlaili Mohamed, Zuraida Muhamad Noordin, Muhamad Ariff Mohd, Fazlin Hazirah Shariff, Mohammad Izzat Akmal Shaharum, Muaz Haqim Abd. Rahman, Anita Dapari, Rahmat |
| author_sort | Mohd Yusoff, Hanizah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: The manufacturing sector in Malaysia has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is further exacerbated by Long COVID-19 symptoms among the manufacturing workers, which are proven to influence work performance and quality of life. Of note, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the burden of Long COVID-19 in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. As such, our study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Long COVID-19 symptoms among the manufacturing workers, and subsequently assess the prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among the workers with Long Covid-19 symptoms. Methods: This is an exploratory mixed-methods study. In phase 1 (qualitative phase), three groups of participants (i.e., clinicians, employers, and workers) will be invited to participate to focus group discussions (FGDs) until thematic saturation. The aim of the FGDs is to explore the understanding, experience, and potential risk factors of Long Covid-19 among manufacturing workers. Findings from the FGDs will be analysed thematically. Themes generated from the FGDs will be used to generate items in a new questionnaire. The newly developed questionnaire will be validated using a fuzzy Delphi study, which will also be conducted among clinicians, employers, and workers. Phase 2 is a cross-sectional study that will be conducted among manufacturing workers across all states in Malaysia to identify the prevalence and risk factors of Long COVID-19, as well as the prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among workers with Long COVID-19. A multistage cluster sampling will be used to collect data from 4500 manufacturing workers in Malaysia. Logistic regression will be performed to determine the association between risk factors with both Long COVID-19 and adverse work outcomes. Conclusion: Once the prevalence and risk factors of Long COVID and its associated adverse work outcome are identified, timely support and effective interventions could be provided to manufacturing workers to maintain their health and productivity. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Malaysia (JEP-2023-607) and the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) Malaysia (NMRR ID-23-03310-H3E). |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:23:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-114766 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:23:00Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1147662025-01-31T01:26:26Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/ Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol Mohd Yusoff, Hanizah Che Mohamed, Norfariha Yew, Sheng Qian Mohammed Nawi, Azmawati Rashidah Ismail, Ohnmar Htwe Mohd Tohit, Noorlaili Mohamed, Zuraida Muhamad Noordin, Muhamad Ariff Mohd, Fazlin Hazirah Shariff, Mohammad Izzat Akmal Shaharum, Muaz Haqim Abd. Rahman, Anita Dapari, Rahmat Background: The manufacturing sector in Malaysia has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is further exacerbated by Long COVID-19 symptoms among the manufacturing workers, which are proven to influence work performance and quality of life. Of note, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the burden of Long COVID-19 in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. As such, our study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Long COVID-19 symptoms among the manufacturing workers, and subsequently assess the prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among the workers with Long Covid-19 symptoms. Methods: This is an exploratory mixed-methods study. In phase 1 (qualitative phase), three groups of participants (i.e., clinicians, employers, and workers) will be invited to participate to focus group discussions (FGDs) until thematic saturation. The aim of the FGDs is to explore the understanding, experience, and potential risk factors of Long Covid-19 among manufacturing workers. Findings from the FGDs will be analysed thematically. Themes generated from the FGDs will be used to generate items in a new questionnaire. The newly developed questionnaire will be validated using a fuzzy Delphi study, which will also be conducted among clinicians, employers, and workers. Phase 2 is a cross-sectional study that will be conducted among manufacturing workers across all states in Malaysia to identify the prevalence and risk factors of Long COVID-19, as well as the prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among workers with Long COVID-19. A multistage cluster sampling will be used to collect data from 4500 manufacturing workers in Malaysia. Logistic regression will be performed to determine the association between risk factors with both Long COVID-19 and adverse work outcomes. Conclusion: Once the prevalence and risk factors of Long COVID and its associated adverse work outcome are identified, timely support and effective interventions could be provided to manufacturing workers to maintain their health and productivity. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Malaysia (JEP-2023-607) and the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) Malaysia (NMRR ID-23-03310-H3E). BioMed Central 2024-11-25 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/1/114766.pdf Mohd Yusoff, Hanizah and Che Mohamed, Norfariha and Yew, Sheng Qian and Mohammed Nawi, Azmawati and Rashidah Ismail, Ohnmar Htwe and Mohd Tohit, Noorlaili and Mohamed, Zuraida and Muhamad Noordin, Muhamad Ariff and Mohd, Fazlin Hazirah and Shariff, Mohammad Izzat Akmal and Shaharum, Muaz Haqim and Abd. Rahman, Anita and Dapari, Rahmat (2024) Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 43 (1). art. no. 194. pp. 1-8. ISSN 1606-0997; eISSN: 2072-1315 https://jhpn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41043-024-00696-z 10.1186/s41043-024-00696-z |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Yusoff, Hanizah Che Mohamed, Norfariha Yew, Sheng Qian Mohammed Nawi, Azmawati Rashidah Ismail, Ohnmar Htwe Mohd Tohit, Noorlaili Mohamed, Zuraida Muhamad Noordin, Muhamad Ariff Mohd, Fazlin Hazirah Shariff, Mohammad Izzat Akmal Shaharum, Muaz Haqim Abd. Rahman, Anita Dapari, Rahmat Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| title_full | Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| title_short | Prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors of long covid and its associated adverse work outcomes among workers in the manufacturing sector in malaysia – a mixed-methods study protocol |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114766/1/114766.pdf |