Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera
The detection of impact and depth defects in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites has been extensively studied to develop effective, reliable, and cost-efficient assessment methods through various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques. Challenges in detecting these defects arise from...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/1/114690.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866567265189888 |
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| author | Anwar, Murniwati Mustapha, Faizal Abdullah, Mohd Na’im Mustapha, Mazli Sallih, Nabihah Ahmad, Azlan Mat Daud, Siti Zubaidah |
| author_facet | Anwar, Murniwati Mustapha, Faizal Abdullah, Mohd Na’im Mustapha, Mazli Sallih, Nabihah Ahmad, Azlan Mat Daud, Siti Zubaidah |
| author_sort | Anwar, Murniwati |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The detection of impact and depth defects in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites has been extensively studied to develop effective, reliable, and cost-efficient assessment methods through various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques. Challenges in detecting these defects arise from varying responses based on the geometrical shape, thickness, and defect types. Long Pulse Thermography (LPT), utilizing an uncooled microbolometer and a low-resolution infrared (IR) camera, presents a promising solution for detecting both depth and impact defects in GFRP materials with a single setup and minimal tools at an economical cost. Despite its potential, the application of LPT has been limited due to susceptibility to noise from environmental radiation and reflections, leading to blurry images. This study focuses on optimizing LPT parameters to achieve accurate defect detection. Specifically, we investigated 11 flat-bottom hole (FBH) depth defects and impact defects ranging from 8 J to 15 J in GFRP materials. The key parameters examined include the environmental temperature, background reflection, background color reflection, and surface emissivity. Additionally, we employed image processing techniques to classify composite defects and automatically highlight defective areas. The Tanimoto Criterion (TC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of LPT both for raw images and post-processed images. The results demonstrate that through parameter optimization, the depth defects in GFRP materials were successfully detected. The TC success rate reached 0.91 for detecting FBH depth defects in raw images, which improved significantly after post-processing using Canny edge detection and Hough circle detection algorithms. This study underscores the potential of optimized LPT as a cost-effective and reliable method for detecting defects in GFRP composites. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:22:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-114690 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:22:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1146902025-01-23T06:51:10Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/ Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera Anwar, Murniwati Mustapha, Faizal Abdullah, Mohd Na’im Mustapha, Mazli Sallih, Nabihah Ahmad, Azlan Mat Daud, Siti Zubaidah The detection of impact and depth defects in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites has been extensively studied to develop effective, reliable, and cost-efficient assessment methods through various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques. Challenges in detecting these defects arise from varying responses based on the geometrical shape, thickness, and defect types. Long Pulse Thermography (LPT), utilizing an uncooled microbolometer and a low-resolution infrared (IR) camera, presents a promising solution for detecting both depth and impact defects in GFRP materials with a single setup and minimal tools at an economical cost. Despite its potential, the application of LPT has been limited due to susceptibility to noise from environmental radiation and reflections, leading to blurry images. This study focuses on optimizing LPT parameters to achieve accurate defect detection. Specifically, we investigated 11 flat-bottom hole (FBH) depth defects and impact defects ranging from 8 J to 15 J in GFRP materials. The key parameters examined include the environmental temperature, background reflection, background color reflection, and surface emissivity. Additionally, we employed image processing techniques to classify composite defects and automatically highlight defective areas. The Tanimoto Criterion (TC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of LPT both for raw images and post-processed images. The results demonstrate that through parameter optimization, the depth defects in GFRP materials were successfully detected. The TC success rate reached 0.91 for detecting FBH depth defects in raw images, which improved significantly after post-processing using Canny edge detection and Hough circle detection algorithms. This study underscores the potential of optimized LPT as a cost-effective and reliable method for detecting defects in GFRP composites. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2024-08-12 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/1/114690.pdf Anwar, Murniwati and Mustapha, Faizal and Abdullah, Mohd Na’im and Mustapha, Mazli and Sallih, Nabihah and Ahmad, Azlan and Mat Daud, Siti Zubaidah (2024) Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera. Sensors, 24 (16). art. no. 5225. pp. 1-22. ISSN 1424-8220 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5225 10.3390/s24165225 |
| spellingShingle | Anwar, Murniwati Mustapha, Faizal Abdullah, Mohd Na’im Mustapha, Mazli Sallih, Nabihah Ahmad, Azlan Mat Daud, Siti Zubaidah Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| title | Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| title_full | Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| title_fullStr | Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| title_short | Defect detection of GFRP composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| title_sort | defect detection of gfrp composites through long pulse thermography using an uncooled microbolometer infrared camera |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114690/1/114690.pdf |