The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers
The research's objective was to examine the factors that directly and indirectly influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. The sample size included 155 rice farmers, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the ri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/1/114313.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866456473698304 |
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| author | Salam, Muslim Jamil, Muhammad Hatta Tenriawaru, A. Nixia Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty Syam, Siti Hardiyanti Rahmadanih, . Ramadhani, Anggun Bidangan, Anny Melody Muslim, Ahmad Imam Bakheet Ali, Hamed Noralla Ridwan, Muhammad |
| author_facet | Salam, Muslim Jamil, Muhammad Hatta Tenriawaru, A. Nixia Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty Syam, Siti Hardiyanti Rahmadanih, . Ramadhani, Anggun Bidangan, Anny Melody Muslim, Ahmad Imam Bakheet Ali, Hamed Noralla Ridwan, Muhammad |
| author_sort | Salam, Muslim |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The research's objective was to examine the factors that directly and indirectly influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. The sample size included 155 rice farmers, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the rice farmer data. The results indicated that latent variables such as farmer engagement (FER), family resources (FRR), application of product inputs (APR) (β = 3.383), and crop management (CMR, β = −2.712)) all have a significant effect on the effectiveness of agricultural extension (EAR). The findings of this study explained that the FER (β = 0.244), together with the FRR (β = 0.923), exerted a significant influence on the APR, potentially increasing rice production. Meanwhile, the APR (β = 0.777) provided good results on the CMR and EAR. The indirect effect hypothesis shows that the APR and CMR mediated the relationship between FER (β = 0.203), FRR (β = 3.383), and EAR, which emphasizes the importance of APR and CMR. Therefore, in improving the EAR programs, it is recommended that extension agencies and local governments provide support to rice farmers in their participation in agricultural organizations. This support should empower rice farming families, ensure proper allocation of agricultural inputs, and effectively manage rice crops using sustainable management principles. As a result of the findings of this study, individuals responsible for designing and managing agricultural extension programs will also gain important insights and data from the real world. Furthermore, as a consequence, agricultural extension agencies can continue to educate farmers and improve rice farming methods. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:20:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-114313 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:20:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1143132025-01-14T02:37:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/ The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers Salam, Muslim Jamil, Muhammad Hatta Tenriawaru, A. Nixia Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty Syam, Siti Hardiyanti Rahmadanih, . Ramadhani, Anggun Bidangan, Anny Melody Muslim, Ahmad Imam Bakheet Ali, Hamed Noralla Ridwan, Muhammad The research's objective was to examine the factors that directly and indirectly influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. The sample size included 155 rice farmers, and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the rice farmer data. The results indicated that latent variables such as farmer engagement (FER), family resources (FRR), application of product inputs (APR) (β = 3.383), and crop management (CMR, β = −2.712)) all have a significant effect on the effectiveness of agricultural extension (EAR). The findings of this study explained that the FER (β = 0.244), together with the FRR (β = 0.923), exerted a significant influence on the APR, potentially increasing rice production. Meanwhile, the APR (β = 0.777) provided good results on the CMR and EAR. The indirect effect hypothesis shows that the APR and CMR mediated the relationship between FER (β = 0.203), FRR (β = 3.383), and EAR, which emphasizes the importance of APR and CMR. Therefore, in improving the EAR programs, it is recommended that extension agencies and local governments provide support to rice farmers in their participation in agricultural organizations. This support should empower rice farming families, ensure proper allocation of agricultural inputs, and effectively manage rice crops using sustainable management principles. As a result of the findings of this study, individuals responsible for designing and managing agricultural extension programs will also gain important insights and data from the real world. Furthermore, as a consequence, agricultural extension agencies can continue to educate farmers and improve rice farming methods. Elsevier 2024-10-29 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/1/114313.pdf Salam, Muslim and Jamil, Muhammad Hatta and Tenriawaru, A. Nixia and Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty and Syam, Siti Hardiyanti and Rahmadanih, . and Ramadhani, Anggun and Bidangan, Anny Melody and Muslim, Ahmad Imam and Bakheet Ali, Hamed Noralla and Ridwan, Muhammad (2024) The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18. art. no. 101487. ISSN 2666-1543; eISSN: 2666-1543 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666154324005246 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101487 |
| spellingShingle | Salam, Muslim Jamil, Muhammad Hatta Tenriawaru, A. Nixia Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty Syam, Siti Hardiyanti Rahmadanih, . Ramadhani, Anggun Bidangan, Anny Melody Muslim, Ahmad Imam Bakheet Ali, Hamed Noralla Ridwan, Muhammad The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| title | The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| title_full | The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| title_fullStr | The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| title_short | The effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia: Employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| title_sort | effectiveness of agricultural extension in rice farming in bantaeng regency, indonesia: employing structural equation modeling in search for the effective ways in educating farmers |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114313/1/114313.pdf |