Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation
In Malaysia, wetland rice is cultivated over two cropping seasons: the main season, from June to November, and the off-season, from January to June. The aim of this study was to investigate tillage operations in rice production in relation to actual field operations and under real field conditions f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2024
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/1/113526.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866251015716864 |
|---|---|
| author | Elsoragaby, Suha Kheiralla, A.F. Tola, Elkamil Yahya, Azmi Mairghany, Modather Ahmed, Mojahid Elamin, Wael M. Mahgoub, Bahaaddein K. M. |
| author_facet | Elsoragaby, Suha Kheiralla, A.F. Tola, Elkamil Yahya, Azmi Mairghany, Modather Ahmed, Mojahid Elamin, Wael M. Mahgoub, Bahaaddein K. M. |
| author_sort | Elsoragaby, Suha |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In Malaysia, wetland rice is cultivated over two cropping seasons: the main season, from June to November, and the off-season, from January to June. The aim of this study was to investigate tillage operations in rice production in relation to actual field operations and under real field conditions for two rice cultivation seasons. The results showed that 80.7%, 17%, and 2.3% of the total time was spent on the actual operation, turning time, and reversing time, respectively. The results also showed that the mean effective field capacity, field efficiency, and fuel consumption were 1.2 ha/h, 80%, and 7.6 L/ha, respectively. The distribution of energy used in the first, second, and third tillage passes amounted to 37%, 33%, and 30% of the total energy, respectively. Fuel, machinery, and total GHG emissions were 62.4, 7.6, and 70 kg CO2eq/ha, respectively. Fuel represented the highest contributor of energy expenditure and GHG emissions. The distributions of GHG emissions in the first, second, and third tillage passes were 37%, 32%, and 31% of the total GHG emissions. The results reveal that carrying out minimum-tillage operations led to a reduction in environmental impacts. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:17:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-113526 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:17:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1135262024-11-26T03:21:47Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/ Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation Elsoragaby, Suha Kheiralla, A.F. Tola, Elkamil Yahya, Azmi Mairghany, Modather Ahmed, Mojahid Elamin, Wael M. Mahgoub, Bahaaddein K. M. In Malaysia, wetland rice is cultivated over two cropping seasons: the main season, from June to November, and the off-season, from January to June. The aim of this study was to investigate tillage operations in rice production in relation to actual field operations and under real field conditions for two rice cultivation seasons. The results showed that 80.7%, 17%, and 2.3% of the total time was spent on the actual operation, turning time, and reversing time, respectively. The results also showed that the mean effective field capacity, field efficiency, and fuel consumption were 1.2 ha/h, 80%, and 7.6 L/ha, respectively. The distribution of energy used in the first, second, and third tillage passes amounted to 37%, 33%, and 30% of the total energy, respectively. Fuel, machinery, and total GHG emissions were 62.4, 7.6, and 70 kg CO2eq/ha, respectively. Fuel represented the highest contributor of energy expenditure and GHG emissions. The distributions of GHG emissions in the first, second, and third tillage passes were 37%, 32%, and 31% of the total GHG emissions. The results reveal that carrying out minimum-tillage operations led to a reduction in environmental impacts. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/1/113526.pdf Elsoragaby, Suha and Kheiralla, A.F. and Tola, Elkamil and Yahya, Azmi and Mairghany, Modather and Ahmed, Mojahid and Elamin, Wael M. and Mahgoub, Bahaaddein K. M. (2024) Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation. Land, 13 (5). art. no. 587. pp. 1-13. ISSN 2073-445X; eISSN: 2073-445X https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/5/587 10.3390/land13050587 |
| spellingShingle | Elsoragaby, Suha Kheiralla, A.F. Tola, Elkamil Yahya, Azmi Mairghany, Modather Ahmed, Mojahid Elamin, Wael M. Mahgoub, Bahaaddein K. M. Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| title | Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| title_full | Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| title_fullStr | Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| title_short | Energy utilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| title_sort | energy utilization and greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions of tillage operation in wetland rice cultivation |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/113526/1/113526.pdf |