Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology
Global human population growth has resulted in significant intensive agricultural activity, posing substantial challenges to waste management and environmental conservation. Watermelon waste (WW), chicken manure (CM) and horse manure (HM) are among the main contributors to agricultural waste due to...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/1/112860.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848866058981605376 |
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| author | Yusoff, Nurin Arifah Tee, Tuan Poy Chin, Nyuk Ling Mohd Zainudin, Mohd Huzairi Nayan, Nazri |
| author_facet | Yusoff, Nurin Arifah Tee, Tuan Poy Chin, Nyuk Ling Mohd Zainudin, Mohd Huzairi Nayan, Nazri |
| author_sort | Yusoff, Nurin Arifah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Global human population growth has resulted in significant intensive agricultural activity, posing substantial challenges to waste management and environmental conservation. Watermelon waste (WW), chicken manure (CM) and horse manure (HM) are among the main contributors to agricultural waste due to their abundant waste production. This study aims to manage the daily production of these wastes by utilizing WW as a bulking agent in the co-composting of CM and HM. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effects of four independent factors: HM:CM composition, particle size, composting period, and bulking agent amount. Thirty treatments were developed using central composite design and in-vessel composting reactors were employed to study the relationship between the factors involved and compost physicochemical quality parameters. The results demonstrated significant effects on organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), dry matter, moisture content, bulk density, and pH, while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and phosphorus level were not affected. The optimized co-composting conditions obtained from RSM were 75:25 for HM:CM composition (%), 0.5 cm for particle size, 40 days for composting period, and 10% of WW, resulting in a compost with 61% OM, 2.5% N, and 2.5% K. These optimal conditions agreed closely with the predicted values; root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) was less than 0.50, revealing the success of RSM in determining optimal process parameters and developing models for predicting responses. Our study demonstrated that WW as a bulking agent in the co-composting of CM and HM has significantly enhanced the organic matter and nutrient levels of the final compost product. Copyright © 2024 Nurin, Tee, Chin, Zainudin and Nayan. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:14:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-112860 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:14:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1128602024-11-13T01:32:55Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/ Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology Yusoff, Nurin Arifah Tee, Tuan Poy Chin, Nyuk Ling Mohd Zainudin, Mohd Huzairi Nayan, Nazri Global human population growth has resulted in significant intensive agricultural activity, posing substantial challenges to waste management and environmental conservation. Watermelon waste (WW), chicken manure (CM) and horse manure (HM) are among the main contributors to agricultural waste due to their abundant waste production. This study aims to manage the daily production of these wastes by utilizing WW as a bulking agent in the co-composting of CM and HM. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effects of four independent factors: HM:CM composition, particle size, composting period, and bulking agent amount. Thirty treatments were developed using central composite design and in-vessel composting reactors were employed to study the relationship between the factors involved and compost physicochemical quality parameters. The results demonstrated significant effects on organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), dry matter, moisture content, bulk density, and pH, while the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and phosphorus level were not affected. The optimized co-composting conditions obtained from RSM were 75:25 for HM:CM composition (%), 0.5 cm for particle size, 40 days for composting period, and 10% of WW, resulting in a compost with 61% OM, 2.5% N, and 2.5% K. These optimal conditions agreed closely with the predicted values; root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) was less than 0.50, revealing the success of RSM in determining optimal process parameters and developing models for predicting responses. Our study demonstrated that WW as a bulking agent in the co-composting of CM and HM has significantly enhanced the organic matter and nutrient levels of the final compost product. Copyright © 2024 Nurin, Tee, Chin, Zainudin and Nayan. Frontiers Media 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/1/112860.pdf Yusoff, Nurin Arifah and Tee, Tuan Poy and Chin, Nyuk Ling and Mohd Zainudin, Mohd Huzairi and Nayan, Nazri (2024) Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8. art. no. 1368970. ISSN 2571-581X https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1368970/full 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1368970 |
| spellingShingle | Yusoff, Nurin Arifah Tee, Tuan Poy Chin, Nyuk Ling Mohd Zainudin, Mohd Huzairi Nayan, Nazri Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| title | Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| title_full | Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| title_short | Optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| title_sort | optimization of watermelon waste as a bulking agent for sustainable co-composting of livestock manures using response surface methodology |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112860/1/112860.pdf |