Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens
Investment to reduce flood risk for social and economic wellbeing requires quantitative evidence to guide decisions. Direct and indirect flood damages at individual household and business building levels were assessed in this study using multivariate analysis with three groups of f lood damage attri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/1/wst090010142.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848865877629337600 |
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| author | A. Kabirzad, S. M. Rehan, B. Zulkafli, Z. Yusuf, B. Hasan-Basri, B. Toriman, M. E. |
| author_facet | A. Kabirzad, S. M. Rehan, B. Zulkafli, Z. Yusuf, B. Hasan-Basri, B. Toriman, M. E. |
| author_sort | A. Kabirzad, S. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Investment to reduce flood risk for social and economic wellbeing requires quantitative evidence to guide decisions. Direct and indirect flood damages at individual household and business building levels were assessed in this study using multivariate analysis with three groups of f lood damage attributes, i.e., flood characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, and building types. A total of 172 and 45 respondents from residential and commercial buildings were gathered through door-to-door interviews at areas in Peninsular Malaysia that were pre-identified to have frequently flooded. Two main findings can be drawn from this study. First, flood damage is greatly contributed by high-income households and businesses, despite them being less exposed to floods than low-income earners. This supports the current use of mean economic damage in engineering-based flood intervention analysis. Second, indirect damages increase with the increase in family size, indicating the importance of strengthening preparedness and social support to those with great social responsibility. Overall, the study highlights the importance of holistic flood management accounting for both direct and indirect losses. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:11:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-112186 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:11:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1121862024-09-17T06:28:26Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/ Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens A. Kabirzad, S. M. Rehan, B. Zulkafli, Z. Yusuf, B. Hasan-Basri, B. Toriman, M. E. Investment to reduce flood risk for social and economic wellbeing requires quantitative evidence to guide decisions. Direct and indirect flood damages at individual household and business building levels were assessed in this study using multivariate analysis with three groups of f lood damage attributes, i.e., flood characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, and building types. A total of 172 and 45 respondents from residential and commercial buildings were gathered through door-to-door interviews at areas in Peninsular Malaysia that were pre-identified to have frequently flooded. Two main findings can be drawn from this study. First, flood damage is greatly contributed by high-income households and businesses, despite them being less exposed to floods than low-income earners. This supports the current use of mean economic damage in engineering-based flood intervention analysis. Second, indirect damages increase with the increase in family size, indicating the importance of strengthening preparedness and social support to those with great social responsibility. Overall, the study highlights the importance of holistic flood management accounting for both direct and indirect losses. IWA Publishing 2024-06-13 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/1/wst090010142.pdf A. Kabirzad, S. and M. Rehan, B. and Zulkafli, Z. and Yusuf, B. and Hasan-Basri, B. and Toriman, M. E. (2024) Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens. Water Science and Technology, 90 (1). art. no. undefined. pp. 142-155. ISSN 0273-1223; EISSN: 1996-9732 https://iwaponline.com/wst/article/90/1/142/102906/Examining-direct-and-indirect-flood-damages-in 10.2166/wst.2024.202 |
| spellingShingle | A. Kabirzad, S. M. Rehan, B. Zulkafli, Z. Yusuf, B. Hasan-Basri, B. Toriman, M. E. Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| title | Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| title_full | Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| title_fullStr | Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| title_short | Examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| title_sort | examining direct and indirect flood damages in residential and business sectors through an empirical lens |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112186/1/wst090010142.pdf |