The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM)
This research examines the impact of self-polymerized polydopamine (PDA) coating on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf fiber (KF) composites in fused deposition modeling (FDM). A biodegradable FDM model of natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110584/ |
| _version_ | 1848865556883570688 |
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| author | Hamat, Sanusi Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Salit, Mohd Sapuan Yidris, Noorfaizal Showkat Ali, Syamir Alihan Hussin, Mohd Sabri Abdul Manan, Muhamad Saifuldin Ahamad Suffin, Muhamad Qauyum Zawawi Ibrahim, Maliki Mohd Khalil, Ahmad Nabil |
| author_facet | Hamat, Sanusi Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Salit, Mohd Sapuan Yidris, Noorfaizal Showkat Ali, Syamir Alihan Hussin, Mohd Sabri Abdul Manan, Muhamad Saifuldin Ahamad Suffin, Muhamad Qauyum Zawawi Ibrahim, Maliki Mohd Khalil, Ahmad Nabil |
| author_sort | Hamat, Sanusi |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This research examines the impact of self-polymerized polydopamine (PDA) coating on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf fiber (KF) composites in fused deposition modeling (FDM). A biodegradable FDM model of natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) filaments, coated with dopamine and reinforced with 5 to 20 wt.% bast kenaf fibers, was developed for 3D printing applications. Tensile, compression, and flexural test specimens were 3D printed, and the influence of kenaf fiber content on their mechanical properties was assessed. A comprehensive characterization of the blended pellets and printed composite materials was performed, encompassing chemical, physical, and microscopic analyses. The results demonstrate that the self-polymerized polydopamine coating acted as a coupling agent, enhancing the interfacial adhesion between kenaf fibers and the PLA matrix and leading to improved mechanical properties. An increase in density and porosity was observed in the FDM specimens of the PLA–PDA–KF composites, proportional to their kenaf fiber content. The enhanced bonding between kenaf fiber particles and the PLA matrix contributed to an increase of up to 13.4% for tensile and 15.3% for flexural in the Young’s modulus of PLA–PDA–KF composites and an increase of up to 30% in compressive stress. The incorporation of polydopamine as a coupling agent in the FDM filament composite led to an improvement in tensile, compressive, and flexural stresses and strain at break, surpassing that of pure PLA, while the reinforcement provided by kenaf fibers was enhanced more by delayed crack growth, resulting in a higher strain at break. The self-polymerized polydopamine coatings exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, suggesting their potential as a sustainable material for diverse applications in FDM. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:06:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-110584 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:06:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1105842024-05-27T02:04:23Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110584/ The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) Hamat, Sanusi Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Salit, Mohd Sapuan Yidris, Noorfaizal Showkat Ali, Syamir Alihan Hussin, Mohd Sabri Abdul Manan, Muhamad Saifuldin Ahamad Suffin, Muhamad Qauyum Zawawi Ibrahim, Maliki Mohd Khalil, Ahmad Nabil This research examines the impact of self-polymerized polydopamine (PDA) coating on the mechanical properties and microstructural behavior of polylactic acid (PLA)/kenaf fiber (KF) composites in fused deposition modeling (FDM). A biodegradable FDM model of natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) filaments, coated with dopamine and reinforced with 5 to 20 wt.% bast kenaf fibers, was developed for 3D printing applications. Tensile, compression, and flexural test specimens were 3D printed, and the influence of kenaf fiber content on their mechanical properties was assessed. A comprehensive characterization of the blended pellets and printed composite materials was performed, encompassing chemical, physical, and microscopic analyses. The results demonstrate that the self-polymerized polydopamine coating acted as a coupling agent, enhancing the interfacial adhesion between kenaf fibers and the PLA matrix and leading to improved mechanical properties. An increase in density and porosity was observed in the FDM specimens of the PLA–PDA–KF composites, proportional to their kenaf fiber content. The enhanced bonding between kenaf fiber particles and the PLA matrix contributed to an increase of up to 13.4% for tensile and 15.3% for flexural in the Young’s modulus of PLA–PDA–KF composites and an increase of up to 30% in compressive stress. The incorporation of polydopamine as a coupling agent in the FDM filament composite led to an improvement in tensile, compressive, and flexural stresses and strain at break, surpassing that of pure PLA, while the reinforcement provided by kenaf fibers was enhanced more by delayed crack growth, resulting in a higher strain at break. The self-polymerized polydopamine coatings exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, suggesting their potential as a sustainable material for diverse applications in FDM. MDPI 2023 Article PeerReviewed Hamat, Sanusi and Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan and Salit, Mohd Sapuan and Yidris, Noorfaizal and Showkat Ali, Syamir Alihan and Hussin, Mohd Sabri and Abdul Manan, Muhamad Saifuldin and Ahamad Suffin, Muhamad Qauyum Zawawi and Ibrahim, Maliki and Mohd Khalil, Ahmad Nabil (2023) The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM). Polymers, 15 (11). pp. 1-20. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/11/2525 10.3390/polym15112525 |
| spellingShingle | Hamat, Sanusi Ishak, Mohamad Ridzwan Salit, Mohd Sapuan Yidris, Noorfaizal Showkat Ali, Syamir Alihan Hussin, Mohd Sabri Abdul Manan, Muhamad Saifuldin Ahamad Suffin, Muhamad Qauyum Zawawi Ibrahim, Maliki Mohd Khalil, Ahmad Nabil The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) |
| title | The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) |
| title_full | The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) |
| title_fullStr | The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) |
| title_short | The effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA)–kenaf fiber (KF) in fused deposition modeling (FDM) |
| title_sort | effects of self-polymerized polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (pla)–kenaf fiber (kf) in fused deposition modeling (fdm) |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110584/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110584/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110584/ |