Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production
Carbon precursor derived from biomass waste gained significant interest as a component of heterogeneous catalysts that can be functionalized with active groups and provides the advantage of separating the catalyst from reactant and products, unlike common homogeneous catalyst. In this study, palm ke...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110498/ |
| _version_ | 1848865531743961088 |
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| author | Rashid, Umer Hazmi, Balkis Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Ibrahim, Siti Fadhilah Alsalme, Ali Tsubota, Toshiki |
| author_facet | Rashid, Umer Hazmi, Balkis Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Ibrahim, Siti Fadhilah Alsalme, Ali Tsubota, Toshiki |
| author_sort | Rashid, Umer |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Carbon precursor derived from biomass waste gained significant interest as a component of heterogeneous catalysts that can be functionalized with active groups and provides the advantage of separating the catalyst from reactant and products, unlike common homogeneous catalyst. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) based char was developed by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization methods and subsequently utilized for synthesizing bifunctional carbon catalyst. The wet impregnation method by loading K2CO3 and CuO provided bi-functional characteristics to the produced chars for conversion into efficient catalysts, which were suitable for concurrent esterification and transesterification processes. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, TGA, and CO2/NH3 TPD analysis. The report showed that the sample of hydrothermal-assisted carbonization (HTC) treatment possessed higher surface area (4056 m2/g) due to the steady degradation of lignocellulosic composition, thus improving the porous quality of carbon structure compared to normal pyrolytic carbon (2658 m2/g). Additionally, the PKSHAC@K2CO3-CuO catalyst sample embraced more potent acid-basic properties than PKSAC@K2CO3-CuO, yielding 98.4 and 96.7 of FAME respectively, at optimized reaction conditions, the temperature of 65 °C for 3 h, with 15:1 molar ratio of methanol to WCO with 3 wt of catalysts loading.The reusability test showed that PKSHAC@K2CO3-CuO could catalyse up to 80.1 of FAME, while PKSAC@K2CO3-CuO recorded a yield of 60.1. The biodiesel from waste cooking oil was analyzed to meet the ASTM D6751 standard for diesel fuel. The synthesized heterogeneous catalysts using different chars might be widely suitable for low-cost oil feedstocks used for biodiesel production. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:06:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-110498 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:06:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1104982024-06-13T03:20:45Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110498/ Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production Rashid, Umer Hazmi, Balkis Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Ibrahim, Siti Fadhilah Alsalme, Ali Tsubota, Toshiki Carbon precursor derived from biomass waste gained significant interest as a component of heterogeneous catalysts that can be functionalized with active groups and provides the advantage of separating the catalyst from reactant and products, unlike common homogeneous catalyst. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) based char was developed by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization methods and subsequently utilized for synthesizing bifunctional carbon catalyst. The wet impregnation method by loading K2CO3 and CuO provided bi-functional characteristics to the produced chars for conversion into efficient catalysts, which were suitable for concurrent esterification and transesterification processes. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, TGA, and CO2/NH3 TPD analysis. The report showed that the sample of hydrothermal-assisted carbonization (HTC) treatment possessed higher surface area (4056 m2/g) due to the steady degradation of lignocellulosic composition, thus improving the porous quality of carbon structure compared to normal pyrolytic carbon (2658 m2/g). Additionally, the PKSHAC@K2CO3-CuO catalyst sample embraced more potent acid-basic properties than PKSAC@K2CO3-CuO, yielding 98.4 and 96.7 of FAME respectively, at optimized reaction conditions, the temperature of 65 °C for 3 h, with 15:1 molar ratio of methanol to WCO with 3 wt of catalysts loading.The reusability test showed that PKSHAC@K2CO3-CuO could catalyse up to 80.1 of FAME, while PKSAC@K2CO3-CuO recorded a yield of 60.1. The biodiesel from waste cooking oil was analyzed to meet the ASTM D6751 standard for diesel fuel. The synthesized heterogeneous catalysts using different chars might be widely suitable for low-cost oil feedstocks used for biodiesel production. Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2022 Article PeerReviewed Rashid, Umer and Hazmi, Balkis and Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah and Ibrahim, Siti Fadhilah and Alsalme, Ali and Tsubota, Toshiki (2022) Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production. Topics in Catalysis, 66. 723- 739. ISSN 1022-5528; ESSN: 1572-9028 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11244-022-01736-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a3ff9af6-b2ca-4c33-9505-26d2ebf8da3f 10.1007/s11244-022-01736-w |
| spellingShingle | Rashid, Umer Hazmi, Balkis Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Ibrahim, Siti Fadhilah Alsalme, Ali Tsubota, Toshiki Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| title | Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| title_full | Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| title_short | Physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| title_sort | physicochemical properties of waste palm-based catalysts synthesized from pyrolyzed and hydrothermalized chars for biodiesel production |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110498/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110498/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110498/ |