N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation

This research aims to examine fat from various vegetable oils using n-alkane profiles, as well as chemometrics and machine learning. Unsaponifiable vegetable oils (coconut, peanut, palm and soybean oils) were separated and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate th...

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Main Authors: Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah, Mohamad Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri, Mohd Hashim, Amalia, Abdul Manaf, Yanty Noorzianna, Mohd Desa, Mohd Nasir, Halim, Murni, Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan, Yusof, Mohd Termizi, Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri, Wasoh, Helmi
Format: Article
Published: Malaysian Palm Oil Board 2023
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109375/
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author Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah
Mohamad Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri
Mohd Hashim, Amalia
Abdul Manaf, Yanty Noorzianna
Mohd Desa, Mohd Nasir
Halim, Murni
Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan
Yusof, Mohd Termizi
Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri
Wasoh, Helmi
author_facet Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah
Mohamad Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri
Mohd Hashim, Amalia
Abdul Manaf, Yanty Noorzianna
Mohd Desa, Mohd Nasir
Halim, Murni
Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan
Yusof, Mohd Termizi
Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri
Wasoh, Helmi
author_sort Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah
building UPM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description This research aims to examine fat from various vegetable oils using n-alkane profiles, as well as chemometrics and machine learning. Unsaponifiable vegetable oils (coconut, peanut, palm and soybean oils) were separated and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the n-alkane profiles of each fat. The authenticity of the detected n-alkane profiles was determined by comparing to the retention time of C7-C40 n-alkane standards. The test designs were developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Random Forest (RF). Both PCA and HCA appeared to provide a clear distinction between each of the vegetable oil tests. Based on the PLS-DA and RF determination, tetracosane (C24) and octadecane (C18) are proposed as the key n-alkane markers for separating lard from vegetable oils. These findings suggest that additional work may be required to achieve and determine the different characteristics across oils in numerous statistical applications, notably chemometrics and machine learning.
first_indexed 2025-11-15T14:03:23Z
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institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-15T14:03:23Z
publishDate 2023
publisher Malaysian Palm Oil Board
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling upm-1093752024-08-05T03:40:06Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109375/ N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah Mohamad Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohd Hashim, Amalia Abdul Manaf, Yanty Noorzianna Mohd Desa, Mohd Nasir Halim, Murni Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Yusof, Mohd Termizi Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri Wasoh, Helmi This research aims to examine fat from various vegetable oils using n-alkane profiles, as well as chemometrics and machine learning. Unsaponifiable vegetable oils (coconut, peanut, palm and soybean oils) were separated and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the n-alkane profiles of each fat. The authenticity of the detected n-alkane profiles was determined by comparing to the retention time of C7-C40 n-alkane standards. The test designs were developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Random Forest (RF). Both PCA and HCA appeared to provide a clear distinction between each of the vegetable oil tests. Based on the PLS-DA and RF determination, tetracosane (C24) and octadecane (C18) are proposed as the key n-alkane markers for separating lard from vegetable oils. These findings suggest that additional work may be required to achieve and determine the different characteristics across oils in numerous statistical applications, notably chemometrics and machine learning. Malaysian Palm Oil Board 2023-08-22 Article PeerReviewed Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah and Mohamad Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri and Mohd Hashim, Amalia and Abdul Manaf, Yanty Noorzianna and Mohd Desa, Mohd Nasir and Halim, Murni and Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan and Yusof, Mohd Termizi and Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri and Wasoh, Helmi (2023) N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation. Journal of Oil Palm Research. pp. 1-10. ISSN 2811-4701 http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/n-alkane-profiles-of-lard-and-vegetable-oils-and-their-chemometrics-differentiation/ 10.21894/jopr.2023.0038
spellingShingle Sapian, Nur Ain Syaqirah
Mohamad Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri
Mohd Hashim, Amalia
Abdul Manaf, Yanty Noorzianna
Mohd Desa, Mohd Nasir
Halim, Murni
Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan
Yusof, Mohd Termizi
Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri
Wasoh, Helmi
N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
title N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
title_full N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
title_fullStr N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
title_full_unstemmed N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
title_short N-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
title_sort n-alkane profiles of lard and vegetable oils, and their chemometrics differentiation
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109375/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109375/
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109375/