Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites
This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composit...
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109282/ |
| _version_ | 1848865330810585088 |
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| author | Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah |
| author_facet | Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah |
| author_sort | Shazleen, Siti Shazra |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing
conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite
fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered
central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically specify the important parameters, namely
CNF loading (1–9 wt.%), rotational speed (20–60 rpm), and temperature (135–175 ◦C), on the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposites. The developed model reveals
that CNF loading and temperature were the dominating parameters that enhanced the mechanical
properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites. The optimal CNF loading, rotational
speed, and temperature for P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication were 1.5 wt.%, 20 rpm,
and 160 ◦C, respectively. The predicted tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus
for these optimum conditions were 22.96 MPa, 33.91 MPa, and 1.02 GPa, respectively, with maximum desirability of 0.929. P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved tensile
strength, flexural strength, and modulus by 17, 6, and 20%, respectively, as compared to the neat
P(HB-co-11% HHx). While the crystallinity of P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites increased
by 17% under the optimal fabrication conditions, the thermal stability of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF
bionanocomposites was not significantly different from neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:03:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-109282 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:03:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1092822024-08-19T04:21:34Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109282/ Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah This present study optimized the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) loading and melt processing conditions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication in twin screw extruder by using the response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically specify the important parameters, namely CNF loading (1–9 wt.%), rotational speed (20–60 rpm), and temperature (135–175 ◦C), on the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposites. The developed model reveals that CNF loading and temperature were the dominating parameters that enhanced the mechanical properties of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites. The optimal CNF loading, rotational speed, and temperature for P(HB-co-11% HHx) bionanocomposite fabrication were 1.5 wt.%, 20 rpm, and 160 ◦C, respectively. The predicted tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus for these optimum conditions were 22.96 MPa, 33.91 MPa, and 1.02 GPa, respectively, with maximum desirability of 0.929. P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited improved tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus by 17, 6, and 20%, respectively, as compared to the neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). While the crystallinity of P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites increased by 17% under the optimal fabrication conditions, the thermal stability of the P(HB-co-11% HHx)/CNF bionanocomposites was not significantly different from neat P(HB-co-11% HHx). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023-01-28 Article PeerReviewed Shazleen, Siti Shazra and Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah and Ando, Yoshito and Ariffin, Hidayah (2023) Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites. Polymers, 15 (3). art. no. 671. pp. 1-15. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/671 10.3390/polym15030671 |
| spellingShingle | Shazleen, Siti Shazra Sabaruddin, Fatimah Athiyah Ando, Yoshito Ariffin, Hidayah Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| title | Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing
conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| title_full | Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing
conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing
conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing
conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| title_short | Optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing
conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| title_sort | optimization of cellulose nanofiber loading and processing
conditions during melt extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyhexanoate) bionanocomposites |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109282/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109282/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109282/ |