The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Centella asiatica has been traditionally consumed for memory and cognition. The triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid) have been standardised in the et...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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IOS Press
2024
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109237/ |
| _version_ | 1848865318553780224 |
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| author | Hambali, Aqilah Jusril, Nor Atiqah Md Hashim, Nur Fariesha Abd Manan, Nizar Adam, Siti Khadijah Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli Adenan, Mohd Ilham Stanslas, Johnson Abdul Hamid, Hafizah |
| author_facet | Hambali, Aqilah Jusril, Nor Atiqah Md Hashim, Nur Fariesha Abd Manan, Nizar Adam, Siti Khadijah Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli Adenan, Mohd Ilham Stanslas, Johnson Abdul Hamid, Hafizah |
| author_sort | Hambali, Aqilah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Centella asiatica has been traditionally consumed for memory and cognition. The triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid) have been standardised in the ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (SECA). The bioactivity of the triterpenes in different solvent polarities of SECA is still unknown. Objective: In this study, the antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of SECA and its fractions were explored on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced microglial cells. Methods: HPLC measured the four triterpenes in SECA and its fractions. SECA and its fractions were tested for cytotoxicity on microglial cells using MTT assay. NO, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), ROS and MDA (lipid peroxidation) produced by LPS-induced microglial cells were measured by colourimetric assays and ELISA. Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were measured using western blotting. Results: The SECA and its fractions were non-toxic to BV2 microglial cells at tested concentrations. The levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and lipid peroxidation in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells were significantly reduced (p<0.001) by SECA and its fractions. SECA and some of its fractions can activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway by significantly enhancing (p<0.05) the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the inhibitory activity of SECA and its fractions on pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress events may be the result of the activation of antioxidant defence systems. The potential of SECA and its fractions in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can be further studied as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:02:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-109237 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:02:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | IOS Press |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1092372024-08-19T07:15:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109237/ The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway Hambali, Aqilah Jusril, Nor Atiqah Md Hashim, Nur Fariesha Abd Manan, Nizar Adam, Siti Khadijah Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli Adenan, Mohd Ilham Stanslas, Johnson Abdul Hamid, Hafizah Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Centella asiatica has been traditionally consumed for memory and cognition. The triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid) have been standardised in the ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (SECA). The bioactivity of the triterpenes in different solvent polarities of SECA is still unknown. Objective: In this study, the antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of SECA and its fractions were explored on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced microglial cells. Methods: HPLC measured the four triterpenes in SECA and its fractions. SECA and its fractions were tested for cytotoxicity on microglial cells using MTT assay. NO, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), ROS and MDA (lipid peroxidation) produced by LPS-induced microglial cells were measured by colourimetric assays and ELISA. Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were measured using western blotting. Results: The SECA and its fractions were non-toxic to BV2 microglial cells at tested concentrations. The levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and lipid peroxidation in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells were significantly reduced (p<0.001) by SECA and its fractions. SECA and some of its fractions can activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway by significantly enhancing (p<0.05) the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the inhibitory activity of SECA and its fractions on pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress events may be the result of the activation of antioxidant defence systems. The potential of SECA and its fractions in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can be further studied as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. IOS Press 2024-04 Article PeerReviewed Hambali, Aqilah and Jusril, Nor Atiqah and Md Hashim, Nur Fariesha and Abd Manan, Nizar and Adam, Siti Khadijah and Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli and Adenan, Mohd Ilham and Stanslas, Johnson and Abdul Hamid, Hafizah (2024) The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 99 (s1). S119-S138. ISSN 1387-2877; ESSN: 1875-8908 https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad230875 10.3233/jad-230875 |
| spellingShingle | Hambali, Aqilah Jusril, Nor Atiqah Md Hashim, Nur Fariesha Abd Manan, Nizar Adam, Siti Khadijah Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli Adenan, Mohd Ilham Stanslas, Johnson Abdul Hamid, Hafizah The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway |
| title | The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway |
| title_full | The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway |
| title_fullStr | The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway |
| title_short | The standardized extract of Centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway |
| title_sort | standardized extract of centella asiatica and its fractions exert antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial cells and regulate the nrf2/ho-1 signaling pathway |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109237/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109237/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109237/ |