Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies
We report, the catalytic application of sulphonated cellulose based solid carbon catalyst for conversion of oleic acid to methyl oleate-biodiesel production under microwave irradiation. Oleic acid, being one of the most widely found fatty acids in plant oils and animal fats; it was utilized as a m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109197/ |
| _version_ | 1848865309361963008 |
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| author | Saikia, Kankana Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan Assabumrungrat, Suttichai Singh, Bhaskar Okoye, Patrick U. Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala |
| author_facet | Saikia, Kankana Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan Assabumrungrat, Suttichai Singh, Bhaskar Okoye, Patrick U. Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala |
| author_sort | Saikia, Kankana |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | We report, the catalytic application of sulphonated cellulose based solid carbon catalyst for conversion of oleic
acid to methyl oleate-biodiesel production under microwave irradiation. Oleic acid, being one of the most widely
found fatty acids in plant oils and animal fats; it was utilized as a model substrate to produce biodiesel in this
study. The effect and interaction of four independent factors such as methanol to oleic acid molar ratio (MOMR),
time, catalyst loading, and temperature were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). After
doing the thirty experiments given by the central composite design (CCD), the optimized reaction condition using
RSM was found to be MOMR of 21:1, 60 min, 8 wt % catalyst loading, and temperature of 80 ◦C that predicted
96.77% biodiesel yield under microwave irradiation, whereas, 97.6 ± 0.2% yield was observed experimentally.
The kinetic study of the esterification reaction showed that it followed a pseudo first order reaction. The activation energy of the esterification was found to be relatively low at 49.19 kJ mol− 1
. The catalyst showed good
recyclability when explored up to the 5th reaction cycle. The SEM analysis of the recycled catalyst showed its
stability for at least 5 reaction cycles. Therefore, it can be promoted for sustainable production of biodiesel due to
its moderate preparation method, good catalytic efficiency, and excellent recyclability. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:02:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-109197 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:02:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1091972024-08-27T04:54:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109197/ Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies Saikia, Kankana Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan Assabumrungrat, Suttichai Singh, Bhaskar Okoye, Patrick U. Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala We report, the catalytic application of sulphonated cellulose based solid carbon catalyst for conversion of oleic acid to methyl oleate-biodiesel production under microwave irradiation. Oleic acid, being one of the most widely found fatty acids in plant oils and animal fats; it was utilized as a model substrate to produce biodiesel in this study. The effect and interaction of four independent factors such as methanol to oleic acid molar ratio (MOMR), time, catalyst loading, and temperature were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). After doing the thirty experiments given by the central composite design (CCD), the optimized reaction condition using RSM was found to be MOMR of 21:1, 60 min, 8 wt % catalyst loading, and temperature of 80 ◦C that predicted 96.77% biodiesel yield under microwave irradiation, whereas, 97.6 ± 0.2% yield was observed experimentally. The kinetic study of the esterification reaction showed that it followed a pseudo first order reaction. The activation energy of the esterification was found to be relatively low at 49.19 kJ mol− 1 . The catalyst showed good recyclability when explored up to the 5th reaction cycle. The SEM analysis of the recycled catalyst showed its stability for at least 5 reaction cycles. Therefore, it can be promoted for sustainable production of biodiesel due to its moderate preparation method, good catalytic efficiency, and excellent recyclability. Elsevier 2023-06 Article PeerReviewed Saikia, Kankana and Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan and Assabumrungrat, Suttichai and Singh, Bhaskar and Okoye, Patrick U. and Rashid, Umer and Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala (2023) Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies. Biomass and Bioenergy, 173. art. no. 106799. pp. 1-11. ISSN 0961-9534; ESSN: 1873-2909 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0961953423000971 10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106799 |
| spellingShingle | Saikia, Kankana Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan Assabumrungrat, Suttichai Singh, Bhaskar Okoye, Patrick U. Rashid, Umer Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| title | Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| title_full | Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| title_fullStr | Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| title_short | Sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| title_sort | sulphonated cellulose-based carbon as a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: process optimization and kinetic studies |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109197/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109197/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109197/ |