Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia)
Information about metal contamination in drinking water remains inadequate, especially for semi-urban areas. This study determines the concentrations of metals in drinking water in Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia. It also attempts to assess the potential health risks and to identify the possible sources of...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109186/ |
| _version_ | 1848865306437484544 |
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| author | Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman Mohamed, Noorfazira Aris, Ahmad Zaharin |
| author_facet | Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman Mohamed, Noorfazira Aris, Ahmad Zaharin |
| author_sort | Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Information about metal contamination in drinking water remains inadequate, especially for semi-urban areas. This study determines the concentrations of metals in drinking water in Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia. It also attempts to assess the potential health risks and to identify the possible sources of metal contamination. Metal concentration was analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results included the mean concentrations of Zn (1.7 × 10–1 mg/L), Pb (2.4 × 10–2 mg/L), and Cr (1.75 × 10–3 mg/L). In general, the concentration of metals was below the drinking water limitation standards set by the Malaysia Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, except for Pb. This work estimates low potential non-cancer (HQ < 1) and low cancer risks (LCR < 1) from metal exposure. However, children appear to be more susceptible to metal exposure via drinking water than adults. Based on multivariate analysis, metal in drinking water could come from two sources. The findings suggest comprehensive continuous monitoring of metal concentrations from potable water, especially for semi-urban regions, to minimise health risks. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:02:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-109186 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T14:02:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1091862024-08-27T04:28:47Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109186/ Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman Mohamed, Noorfazira Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Information about metal contamination in drinking water remains inadequate, especially for semi-urban areas. This study determines the concentrations of metals in drinking water in Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia. It also attempts to assess the potential health risks and to identify the possible sources of metal contamination. Metal concentration was analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results included the mean concentrations of Zn (1.7 × 10–1 mg/L), Pb (2.4 × 10–2 mg/L), and Cr (1.75 × 10–3 mg/L). In general, the concentration of metals was below the drinking water limitation standards set by the Malaysia Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, except for Pb. This work estimates low potential non-cancer (HQ < 1) and low cancer risks (LCR < 1) from metal exposure. However, children appear to be more susceptible to metal exposure via drinking water than adults. Based on multivariate analysis, metal in drinking water could come from two sources. The findings suggest comprehensive continuous monitoring of metal concentrations from potable water, especially for semi-urban regions, to minimise health risks. Springer 2023-03 Article PeerReviewed Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman and Mohamed, Noorfazira and Aris, Ahmad Zaharin (2023) Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia). Applied Water Science, 13 (3). art. no. 69. pp. 1-7. ISSN 2190-5487; ESSN: 2190-5495 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-023-01878-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=eb726c8e-d00d-40d3-a7a9-493143006359 10.1007/s13201-023-01878-6 |
| spellingShingle | Sulaiman, Fazrul Razman Mohamed, Noorfazira Aris, Ahmad Zaharin Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) |
| title | Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) |
| title_full | Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) |
| title_short | Occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (Jengka, Malaysia) |
| title_sort | occurrence, origin, and risk assessment of metals in drinking water from a tropical suburban area (jengka, malaysia) |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109186/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109186/ |