Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia (MAS) are the main bacterial diseases in tilapia culture worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Vaccination is an effective method of preventing diseases and contributes to economic sustainability. This study investigated the immuno-protective...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108272/ |
| _version_ | 1848865118596628480 |
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| author | Mohd Ali, Nur Shidaa Saad, Mohd Zamri Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal Salleh, Annas Mohamed Zulperi, Zarirah Manchanayake, Tilusha Zahaludin, Muhammad Amir Danial Basri, Lukman Mohamad, Aslah Md Yasin, Ina Salwany |
| author_facet | Mohd Ali, Nur Shidaa Saad, Mohd Zamri Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal Salleh, Annas Mohamed Zulperi, Zarirah Manchanayake, Tilusha Zahaludin, Muhammad Amir Danial Basri, Lukman Mohamad, Aslah Md Yasin, Ina Salwany |
| author_sort | Mohd Ali, Nur Shidaa |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia (MAS) are the main bacterial diseases in tilapia culture worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Vaccination is an effective method of preventing diseases and contributes to economic sustainability. This study investigated the immuno-protective efficacy of a newly developed feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and MAS in red hybrid tilapia. The feed-based bivalent vaccine pellet was developed by incorporating the formalin-killed S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila antigens into a commercial feed pellet with palm oil as the adjuvant. The bivalent vaccine was subjected to feed quality analyses. For immunological analyses, 900 fish (12.94 ± 0.46 g) were divided into two treatment groups in triplicate. Fish in Group 1 were unvaccinated (control), while those in Group 2 were vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine. The bivalent vaccine was delivered orally at 5 of the fishs body weight for three consecutive days on week 0, followed by boosters on weeks 2 and 6. Lysozyme and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on serum, gut lavage, and skin mucus were performed every week for 16 weeks. Lysozyme activity in vaccinated fish was significantly (p ‰ 0.05) higher than in unvaccinated fish following vaccination. Similarly, the IgM antibody levels of vaccinated fish were significantly (p ‰ 0.05) higher after vaccination. The bivalent vaccine provided high protective efficacy against S. agalactiae (80.00 ± 10.00) and A. hydrophila (90.00 ± 10.00) and partial cross-protective efficacy against S. iniae (63.33 ± 5.77) and A. veronii (60.00 ± 10.00). During the challenge test, fewer clinical and gross lesions were observed in vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. Histopathological assessment showed less severe pathological changes in selected organs than the unvaccinated fish. This study showed that vaccination with a feed-based bivalent vaccine improves immunological responses in red hybrid tilapia, and thus protects against streptococcosis and MAS. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:59:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-108272 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:59:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1082722024-09-11T02:30:29Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108272/ Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Mohd Ali, Nur Shidaa Saad, Mohd Zamri Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal Salleh, Annas Mohamed Zulperi, Zarirah Manchanayake, Tilusha Zahaludin, Muhammad Amir Danial Basri, Lukman Mohamad, Aslah Md Yasin, Ina Salwany Streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia (MAS) are the main bacterial diseases in tilapia culture worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Vaccination is an effective method of preventing diseases and contributes to economic sustainability. This study investigated the immuno-protective efficacy of a newly developed feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and MAS in red hybrid tilapia. The feed-based bivalent vaccine pellet was developed by incorporating the formalin-killed S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila antigens into a commercial feed pellet with palm oil as the adjuvant. The bivalent vaccine was subjected to feed quality analyses. For immunological analyses, 900 fish (12.94 ± 0.46 g) were divided into two treatment groups in triplicate. Fish in Group 1 were unvaccinated (control), while those in Group 2 were vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine. The bivalent vaccine was delivered orally at 5 of the fishs body weight for three consecutive days on week 0, followed by boosters on weeks 2 and 6. Lysozyme and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on serum, gut lavage, and skin mucus were performed every week for 16 weeks. Lysozyme activity in vaccinated fish was significantly (p ‰ 0.05) higher than in unvaccinated fish following vaccination. Similarly, the IgM antibody levels of vaccinated fish were significantly (p ‰ 0.05) higher after vaccination. The bivalent vaccine provided high protective efficacy against S. agalactiae (80.00 ± 10.00) and A. hydrophila (90.00 ± 10.00) and partial cross-protective efficacy against S. iniae (63.33 ± 5.77) and A. veronii (60.00 ± 10.00). During the challenge test, fewer clinical and gross lesions were observed in vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. Histopathological assessment showed less severe pathological changes in selected organs than the unvaccinated fish. This study showed that vaccination with a feed-based bivalent vaccine improves immunological responses in red hybrid tilapia, and thus protects against streptococcosis and MAS. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2023 Article PeerReviewed Mohd Ali, Nur Shidaa and Saad, Mohd Zamri and Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal and Salleh, Annas and Mohamed Zulperi, Zarirah and Manchanayake, Tilusha and Zahaludin, Muhammad Amir Danial and Basri, Lukman and Mohamad, Aslah and Md Yasin, Ina Salwany (2023) Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Animals, 13 (8). art. no. 1346. pp. 1-20. ISSN 2076-2615; ESSN: 2076-2615 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/8/1346 10.3390/ani13081346 |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Ali, Nur Shidaa Saad, Mohd Zamri Azmai, Mohammad Noor Amal Salleh, Annas Mohamed Zulperi, Zarirah Manchanayake, Tilusha Zahaludin, Muhammad Amir Danial Basri, Lukman Mohamad, Aslah Md Yasin, Ina Salwany Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) |
| title | Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) |
| title_full | Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) |
| title_fullStr | Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) |
| title_short | Immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile Aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) |
| title_sort | immunogenicity and efficacy of a feed-based bivalent vaccine against streptococcosis and motile aeromonad septicemia in red hybrid tilapia (oreochromis sp.) |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108272/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108272/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108272/ |