Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood
Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108123/ |
| _version_ | 1848865078977232896 |
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| author | Kah, Yen Lim Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Sharip, Nur Sharmila Aziz Ujang, Farhana Husin, Hazwani Ariffin, Hidayah Md Tahir, Paridah Xinping, Li Seng, Hua Lee Yusof, Mohd Termizi |
| author_facet | Kah, Yen Lim Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Sharip, Nur Sharmila Aziz Ujang, Farhana Husin, Hazwani Ariffin, Hidayah Md Tahir, Paridah Xinping, Li Seng, Hua Lee Yusof, Mohd Termizi |
| author_sort | Kah, Yen Lim |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substitution by the phenolated lignin (PL) and bio-oil (BO), extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch black liquor. Mixtures of PF with varied substitution rates of PL and BO were prepared by heating a mixture of phenol–phenol substitute with 30 wt.% NaOH and 80% formaldehyde solution at 94 °C for 15 min. After that, the temperature was reduced to 80 °C before the remaining 20% formaldehyde solution was added. The reaction was carried out by heating the mixture to 94 °C once more, holding it for 25 min, and then rapidly lowering the temperature to 60 °C, to produce the PL−PF or BO−PF resins. The modified resins were then tested for pH, viscosity, solid content, FTIR, and TGA. Results revealed that the substitution of 5% PL into PF resins is enough to improve its physical properties. The PL−PF resin production process was also deemed environmentally beneficial, as it met 7 of the 8 Green Chemistry Principle evaluation criteria. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:59:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-108123 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:59:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1081232024-09-24T07:21:28Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108123/ Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood Kah, Yen Lim Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Sharip, Nur Sharmila Aziz Ujang, Farhana Husin, Hazwani Ariffin, Hidayah Md Tahir, Paridah Xinping, Li Seng, Hua Lee Yusof, Mohd Termizi Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substitution by the phenolated lignin (PL) and bio-oil (BO), extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch black liquor. Mixtures of PF with varied substitution rates of PL and BO were prepared by heating a mixture of phenol–phenol substitute with 30 wt.% NaOH and 80% formaldehyde solution at 94 °C for 15 min. After that, the temperature was reduced to 80 °C before the remaining 20% formaldehyde solution was added. The reaction was carried out by heating the mixture to 94 °C once more, holding it for 25 min, and then rapidly lowering the temperature to 60 °C, to produce the PL−PF or BO−PF resins. The modified resins were then tested for pH, viscosity, solid content, FTIR, and TGA. Results revealed that the substitution of 5% PL into PF resins is enough to improve its physical properties. The PL−PF resin production process was also deemed environmentally beneficial, as it met 7 of the 8 Green Chemistry Principle evaluation criteria. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023 Article PeerReviewed Kah, Yen Lim and Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah and Sharip, Nur Sharmila and Aziz Ujang, Farhana and Husin, Hazwani and Ariffin, Hidayah and Md Tahir, Paridah and Xinping, Li and Seng, Hua Lee and Yusof, Mohd Termizi (2023) Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood. Polymers, 15 (5). art. no. 1258. pp. 1-17. ISSN 1542-2119; ESSN: 1542-2127 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1258 10.3390/polym15051258 |
| spellingShingle | Kah, Yen Lim Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Tengku Arisyah Sharip, Nur Sharmila Aziz Ujang, Farhana Husin, Hazwani Ariffin, Hidayah Md Tahir, Paridah Xinping, Li Seng, Hua Lee Yusof, Mohd Termizi Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| title | Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| title_full | Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| title_fullStr | Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| title_short | Green phenolic resins from oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| title_sort | green phenolic resins from oil palm empty fruit bunch (efb) phenolated lignin and bio-oil as phenol substitutes for bonding plywood |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108123/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108123/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108123/ |