GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria
Despite the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of propolis, limited attention has been paid to the chemical composition and biological activity of water extract propolis produced by Malaysian stingless bees. Thus, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacteri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Malaysian Society of Applied Biology
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108080/ |
| _version_ | 1848865067671486464 |
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| author | Mohd Zohdi, Rozaini Adli, Muhammad Amirul Mohsin, Hanis Fadzillah Muhamad Mokhtar, Shahida Muhammad Low, Anis Low Awang Junaidi, Awang Hazmi Jahrudin, Dzu Hendra Ja |
| author_facet | Mohd Zohdi, Rozaini Adli, Muhammad Amirul Mohsin, Hanis Fadzillah Muhamad Mokhtar, Shahida Muhammad Low, Anis Low Awang Junaidi, Awang Hazmi Jahrudin, Dzu Hendra Ja |
| author_sort | Mohd Zohdi, Rozaini |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Despite the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of propolis, limited attention has been paid to the chemical composition and biological activity of water extract propolis produced by Malaysian stingless bees. Thus, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract propolis (EEP) and water extract propolis (WEP) of the stingless bee species, Heterotrigona itama against ten pathogenic bacteria. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antibacterial activity was determined using the disc-diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The GC-MS analysis of EEP exhibited four volatile compounds including hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-coumaranone, and diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) ester silicic acid. However, only two compounds were identified in WEP, consisting of 2-(acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)biphenylene, and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. EEP showed the highest antibacterial activity against all Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) with values of the inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 10 mm. However, both extracts showed no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, except WEP, which displayed an inhibition zone of 9.33 ± 1.53 mm against Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, EEP showed the lowest MIC and MBC values against M. luteus at 70 and 280 μg/mL, respectively. The results revealed the presence of several volatile compounds in the EEP of H. itama which could contribute to its antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:58:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-108080 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:58:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Malaysian Society of Applied Biology |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1080802024-09-24T07:57:20Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108080/ GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria Mohd Zohdi, Rozaini Adli, Muhammad Amirul Mohsin, Hanis Fadzillah Muhamad Mokhtar, Shahida Muhammad Low, Anis Low Awang Junaidi, Awang Hazmi Jahrudin, Dzu Hendra Ja Despite the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of propolis, limited attention has been paid to the chemical composition and biological activity of water extract propolis produced by Malaysian stingless bees. Thus, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract propolis (EEP) and water extract propolis (WEP) of the stingless bee species, Heterotrigona itama against ten pathogenic bacteria. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antibacterial activity was determined using the disc-diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The GC-MS analysis of EEP exhibited four volatile compounds including hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-coumaranone, and diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) ester silicic acid. However, only two compounds were identified in WEP, consisting of 2-(acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)biphenylene, and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. EEP showed the highest antibacterial activity against all Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) with values of the inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 10 mm. However, both extracts showed no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, except WEP, which displayed an inhibition zone of 9.33 ± 1.53 mm against Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, EEP showed the lowest MIC and MBC values against M. luteus at 70 and 280 μg/mL, respectively. The results revealed the presence of several volatile compounds in the EEP of H. itama which could contribute to its antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. Malaysian Society of Applied Biology 2023 Article PeerReviewed Mohd Zohdi, Rozaini and Adli, Muhammad Amirul and Mohsin, Hanis Fadzillah and Muhamad Mokhtar, Shahida and Muhammad Low, Anis Low and Awang Junaidi, Awang Hazmi and Jahrudin, Dzu Hendra Ja (2023) GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria. Malaysian Applied Biology, 52 (2). pp. 77-84. ISSN 0126-8643; ESSN: 2462-151X https://jms.mabjournal.com/index.php/mab/article/view/2657 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i2.2657 |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Zohdi, Rozaini Adli, Muhammad Amirul Mohsin, Hanis Fadzillah Muhamad Mokhtar, Shahida Muhammad Low, Anis Low Awang Junaidi, Awang Hazmi Jahrudin, Dzu Hendra Ja GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| title | GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| title_full | GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| title_fullStr | GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| title_short | GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Malaysian Heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| title_sort | gc-ms analysis and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of malaysian heterotrigona itama propolis against selected human pathogenic bacteria |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108080/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108080/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108080/ |