Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is one of the by-products of the oil palm industry. Malaysia being the world's largest producer of oil palm produces over a million tones of PKC annually. Traditionally, PKC is used as an ingredient in ruminant feed and its use for non-ruminants is usually in low amoun...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2003
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/1/FP_2003_31.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848841491175178240 |
|---|---|
| author | Buchi, Iluyemi Florence |
| author_facet | Buchi, Iluyemi Florence |
| author_sort | Buchi, Iluyemi Florence |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Palm kernel cake (PKC) is one of the by-products of the oil palm industry. Malaysia
being the world's largest producer of oil palm produces over a million tones of PKC
annually. Traditionally, PKC is used as an ingredient in ruminant feed and its use for
non-ruminants is usually in low amounts due to problems of digestibility. In this
study, an attempt was made to microbially enrich the PKC protein content using:
Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma longibrachiatum,
Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii fungi. In the solid-state fermentation (SSF),
effects of inoculum concentrations (1, 2 and 3%), moisture levels (41, 44 and 47%)
and pH levels (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0) were evaluated. Protein content of PKC
increased significantly (P<0.05) coupled with a significant reduction in cellulose and
hemicellulose contents by all the fungi used. The highest protein increase of 33%
was obtained using T. longibrachiatum fermented PKC compared with 18% in
unfermented PKC. The effect of moisture content was more critical compared to pH.
Fermentation increased the analysed total amino acids (14 to 25%) and mostly the
unsaturated ones (oleic and linoleic acids). |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T07:44:05Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | upm-10681 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T07:44:05Z |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-106812024-05-09T03:03:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/ Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient Buchi, Iluyemi Florence Palm kernel cake (PKC) is one of the by-products of the oil palm industry. Malaysia being the world's largest producer of oil palm produces over a million tones of PKC annually. Traditionally, PKC is used as an ingredient in ruminant feed and its use for non-ruminants is usually in low amounts due to problems of digestibility. In this study, an attempt was made to microbially enrich the PKC protein content using: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii fungi. In the solid-state fermentation (SSF), effects of inoculum concentrations (1, 2 and 3%), moisture levels (41, 44 and 47%) and pH levels (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0) were evaluated. Protein content of PKC increased significantly (P<0.05) coupled with a significant reduction in cellulose and hemicellulose contents by all the fungi used. The highest protein increase of 33% was obtained using T. longibrachiatum fermented PKC compared with 18% in unfermented PKC. The effect of moisture content was more critical compared to pH. Fermentation increased the analysed total amino acids (14 to 25%) and mostly the unsaturated ones (oleic and linoleic acids). 2003-04 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/1/FP_2003_31.pdf Buchi, Iluyemi Florence (2003) Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Oil palm - Aquatic plants as feed - Case studies English |
| spellingShingle | Oil palm - Aquatic plants as feed - Case studies Buchi, Iluyemi Florence Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient |
| title | Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient |
| title_full | Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient |
| title_fullStr | Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient |
| title_short | Bioconversion of Palm Kernel Cake and its Evaluation as an Aquafeed Ingredient |
| title_sort | bioconversion of palm kernel cake and its evaluation as an aquafeed ingredient |
| topic | Oil palm - Aquatic plants as feed - Case studies |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/10681/1/FP_2003_31.pdf |