A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria
In its efforts to protect and assist trafficked persons, the Nigerian Government designed and formulated a comprehensive National Policy on Protection and Assistance to Trafficked Person (NPPATPN) in 2008. However, the country’s efforts in the protection of Trafficked Persons have been considered in...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
2023
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106386/ |
| _version_ | 1848864756695302144 |
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| author | Ibrahim, Sani Sani Ab Halim, Adlina Adnan, Zatul Himmah Jawan, Jayum A. |
| author_facet | Ibrahim, Sani Sani Ab Halim, Adlina Adnan, Zatul Himmah Jawan, Jayum A. |
| author_sort | Ibrahim, Sani Sani |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In its efforts to protect and assist trafficked persons, the Nigerian Government designed and formulated a comprehensive National Policy on Protection and Assistance to Trafficked Person (NPPATPN) in 2008. However, the country’s efforts in the protection of Trafficked Persons have been considered inadequate. Thus, the challenges facing Nigeria are not that of policy formulation but the implementation of the policy. The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of the NPPATPN from the perspective of top-down and bottom-up approaches, using qualitative methodology. 15 participants from government agencies, Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs), International Governmental Organization (IGOs) and Trafficked Persons were purposely selected and interviewed. The findings revealed that the top-down approach is more pronounced compared to the bottom-up approach in NPPATPN implementation. This is because the lower-level bureaucrat operates under strong hierarchical command and control with no freedom to exercise any discretion in the implementation process. The study recommends that the policymakers (top officials) should take into cognizance the significance of the implementers (lower-official), NGOs and other relevant stakeholders in the policy-making process for the policy to be effective and legitimate. Therefore, the novelty of the study has contributed to providing a clear understanding regarding the performance of NPPATPN’s implementation in Nigeria. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:53:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-106386 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:53:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Human Resource Management Academic Research Society |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1063862024-09-26T07:17:22Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106386/ A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria Ibrahim, Sani Sani Ab Halim, Adlina Adnan, Zatul Himmah Jawan, Jayum A. In its efforts to protect and assist trafficked persons, the Nigerian Government designed and formulated a comprehensive National Policy on Protection and Assistance to Trafficked Person (NPPATPN) in 2008. However, the country’s efforts in the protection of Trafficked Persons have been considered inadequate. Thus, the challenges facing Nigeria are not that of policy formulation but the implementation of the policy. The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of the NPPATPN from the perspective of top-down and bottom-up approaches, using qualitative methodology. 15 participants from government agencies, Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs), International Governmental Organization (IGOs) and Trafficked Persons were purposely selected and interviewed. The findings revealed that the top-down approach is more pronounced compared to the bottom-up approach in NPPATPN implementation. This is because the lower-level bureaucrat operates under strong hierarchical command and control with no freedom to exercise any discretion in the implementation process. The study recommends that the policymakers (top officials) should take into cognizance the significance of the implementers (lower-official), NGOs and other relevant stakeholders in the policy-making process for the policy to be effective and legitimate. Therefore, the novelty of the study has contributed to providing a clear understanding regarding the performance of NPPATPN’s implementation in Nigeria. Human Resource Management Academic Research Society 2023-10-09 Article PeerReviewed Ibrahim, Sani Sani and Ab Halim, Adlina and Adnan, Zatul Himmah and Jawan, Jayum A. (2023) A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13 (16). 307 - 321. ISSN 2222-6990 https://hrmars.com/index.php/IJARBSS/article/view/18759/A-Combined-Top-Down-and-Bottom-Up-Approaches-to-the-Implementation-of-Human-Trafficking-Policy-in-Nigeria 10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i16/18759 |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim, Sani Sani Ab Halim, Adlina Adnan, Zatul Himmah Jawan, Jayum A. A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria |
| title | A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria |
| title_full | A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria |
| title_short | A combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in Nigeria |
| title_sort | combined top-down and bottom-up approaches to the implementation of human trafficking policy in nigeria |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106386/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106386/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106386/ |