Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent
Fish epidermal mucus is an important reservoir of antipathogenic compounds which serves as the first line of the immune defence. Despite its significant role in the physiology and health of fish, detailed profiling of fish epidermal mucus has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study investigates a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier BV
2024
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/1/106089.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848864686658813952 |
|---|---|
| author | Leong, Nathaniel Yaacob, Mohd Hanif Md Zain, Ahmad Rifqi Tengku Abdul Aziz, Tengku Hasnan Christianus, Annie Chong, Chou Min Mahdi, Mohd Adzir |
| author_facet | Leong, Nathaniel Yaacob, Mohd Hanif Md Zain, Ahmad Rifqi Tengku Abdul Aziz, Tengku Hasnan Christianus, Annie Chong, Chou Min Mahdi, Mohd Adzir |
| author_sort | Leong, Nathaniel |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Fish epidermal mucus is an important reservoir of antipathogenic compounds which serves as the first line of the immune defence. Despite its significant role in the physiology and health of fish, detailed profiling of fish epidermal mucus has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study investigates a label-free colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) method for profiling grouper mucus. Gold nanoparticles were first synthesised using the standard citrate reduction and characterised using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The influence of acidified sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) at pH 3 as the aggregating agent on the enhancement of the SERS spectrum of different analyte samples including rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye, lysozyme solution and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) mucus was observed. Based on the results, an optimal Na2SO4 concentration of 1 M was recorded to achieve the highest enhancement of the SERS signal for R6G and grouper mucus, while the optimal concentration for lysozyme was 0.1 M. The results indicated a higher degree of aggregation induced by lysozyme than R6G and grouper mucus. A few overlapping peaks of the SERS spectra of lysozyme and grouper mucus made it possible to confirm the presence of lysozyme as potential biomarkers. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:52:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-106089 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:52:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier BV |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1060892024-11-13T04:53:31Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/ Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent Leong, Nathaniel Yaacob, Mohd Hanif Md Zain, Ahmad Rifqi Tengku Abdul Aziz, Tengku Hasnan Christianus, Annie Chong, Chou Min Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Fish epidermal mucus is an important reservoir of antipathogenic compounds which serves as the first line of the immune defence. Despite its significant role in the physiology and health of fish, detailed profiling of fish epidermal mucus has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study investigates a label-free colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) method for profiling grouper mucus. Gold nanoparticles were first synthesised using the standard citrate reduction and characterised using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The influence of acidified sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) at pH 3 as the aggregating agent on the enhancement of the SERS spectrum of different analyte samples including rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye, lysozyme solution and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) mucus was observed. Based on the results, an optimal Na2SO4 concentration of 1 M was recorded to achieve the highest enhancement of the SERS signal for R6G and grouper mucus, while the optimal concentration for lysozyme was 0.1 M. The results indicated a higher degree of aggregation induced by lysozyme than R6G and grouper mucus. A few overlapping peaks of the SERS spectra of lysozyme and grouper mucus made it possible to confirm the presence of lysozyme as potential biomarkers. Elsevier BV 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/1/106089.pdf Leong, Nathaniel and Yaacob, Mohd Hanif and Md Zain, Ahmad Rifqi and Tengku Abdul Aziz, Tengku Hasnan and Christianus, Annie and Chong, Chou Min and Mahdi, Mohd Adzir (2024) Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 311. art. no. 123974. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1386-1425 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185391392&url=10.1016%2fj.saa.2024.123974&partnerID=40&md5=efee27f028c602896aa4375ac8196b5b 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123974 |
| spellingShingle | Leong, Nathaniel Yaacob, Mohd Hanif Md Zain, Ahmad Rifqi Tengku Abdul Aziz, Tengku Hasnan Christianus, Annie Chong, Chou Min Mahdi, Mohd Adzir Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| title | Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| title_full | Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| title_fullStr | Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| title_short | Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| title_sort | colloidal surface-enhanced raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106089/1/106089.pdf |