Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge
The mixed convection flow with thermal characteristics of a water-based Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid towards a vertical and permeable wedge was numerically and statistically analyzed in this study. The governing model was constructed using physical and theoretical assumptions, which were then reduced t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
MDPI
2022
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103073/ |
| _version_ | 1848863930003226624 |
|---|---|
| author | Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mukhtar, Mohd Fariduddin Zainal, Nurul Amira Hamzah, Khairum Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan |
| author_facet | Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mukhtar, Mohd Fariduddin Zainal, Nurul Amira Hamzah, Khairum Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan |
| author_sort | Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The mixed convection flow with thermal characteristics of a water-based Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid towards a vertical and permeable wedge was numerically and statistically analyzed in this study. The governing model was constructed using physical and theoretical assumptions, which were then reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation. The steady flow solutions were computed using the Matlab software bvp4c. All possible solutions were presented in the graphs of skin friction coefficient and thermal rate. The numerical results show that the flow and thermal progresses are developed by enhancing the controlling parameters (wedge parameter, volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, and suction parameter). Moreover, the response surface methodology (RSM) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for the statistical evaluation and conducted using the fit general linear model in the Minitab software. From the standpoint of statistical analysis, the wedge parameter and volumetric nanoparticle concentration have a considerable impact on all responses; however, the suction parameter effect is only substantial for a single response. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:40:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-103073 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:40:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1030732024-06-29T12:48:08Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103073/ Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mukhtar, Mohd Fariduddin Zainal, Nurul Amira Hamzah, Khairum Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan The mixed convection flow with thermal characteristics of a water-based Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid towards a vertical and permeable wedge was numerically and statistically analyzed in this study. The governing model was constructed using physical and theoretical assumptions, which were then reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation. The steady flow solutions were computed using the Matlab software bvp4c. All possible solutions were presented in the graphs of skin friction coefficient and thermal rate. The numerical results show that the flow and thermal progresses are developed by enhancing the controlling parameters (wedge parameter, volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, and suction parameter). Moreover, the response surface methodology (RSM) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for the statistical evaluation and conducted using the fit general linear model in the Minitab software. From the standpoint of statistical analysis, the wedge parameter and volumetric nanoparticle concentration have a considerable impact on all responses; however, the suction parameter effect is only substantial for a single response. MDPI 2022 Article PeerReviewed Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa and Waini, Iskandar and Mukhtar, Mohd Fariduddin and Zainal, Nurul Amira and Hamzah, Khairum and Md Arifin, Norihan and Pop, Ioan (2022) Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge. Nanomaterials, 12 (22). art. no. 4016. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2079-4991 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/22/4016 10.3390/nano12224016 |
| spellingShingle | Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa Waini, Iskandar Mukhtar, Mohd Fariduddin Zainal, Nurul Amira Hamzah, Khairum Md Arifin, Norihan Pop, Ioan Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| title | Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| title_full | Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| title_fullStr | Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| title_short | Response surface methodology (RSM) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| title_sort | response surface methodology (rsm) on the hybrid nanofluid flow subject to a vertical and permeable wedge |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103073/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103073/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103073/ |