Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia.
Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered non-human primate; however, the threat of extinction is not merely from poaching and habitat loss. Orangutan survival is also threatened by the genetic loss and genetic bottleneck due to the low effective population, prompting the dire need for an immedia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/1/102850.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848863888153509888 |
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| author | Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari Tarmizi, Reza Chee, Yap Keng Sarkawi, Nur Nabila Ahmad, Hafandi Salleh, Annas Mohamad Tahir, Nur Diyana Baiee, Falah Che-Amat, Azlan Fitri, Wan-Nor |
| author_facet | Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari Tarmizi, Reza Chee, Yap Keng Sarkawi, Nur Nabila Ahmad, Hafandi Salleh, Annas Mohamad Tahir, Nur Diyana Baiee, Falah Che-Amat, Azlan Fitri, Wan-Nor |
| author_sort | Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered non-human primate; however, the threat of extinction is not merely from poaching and habitat loss. Orangutan survival is also threatened by the genetic loss and genetic bottleneck due to the low effective population, prompting the dire need for an immediate genetic preservation program through systematic biobanking and assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study aims to provide integral data to the semen characteristics, extension, and cryopreservation of the Bornean orangutan and the potential relationship to male traits. Five captive orangutans from Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC) with a mean body weight of 52.81 ± 7.00 kg were used for this study. Semen collection was performed using electroejaculation (EE) under complete general anesthesia. Semen was subjected to macroscopic and microscopic evaluation while testicular measurement was obtained using digital calipers. The semen characteristics of the orangutans are volume (778 ± 250.21 µl), pH (7.80 ± 0.25), concentration (32.38 ± 17.40 × 106 sperm/ml), total motility (61.00 ± 12.88%), adjusted motility index (48.76 ± 11.32%), live spermatozoa (77.75 ± 6.94%) and normal spermatozoa (11.48 ± 11.34%). Analysis of variance statistical analysis test was used to compare the significant difference between means, at (p < 0.05). Spermatozoa concentration was the only significant different parameter between individuals. Testes biometry parameters are statistically significant between the flanged and unflanged individuals. Live spermatozoa are different in adult and sub-adult individual while teratospermia was found to be consistently high in all individuals. Chilled and post-thaw quality after cryopreservation suggests promising survivability of spermatozoa. Semen collection with EE yields a consistent and acceptable quality of spermatozoa for cryopreservation, biobanking purposes, and potential application of ART. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:40:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-102850 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:40:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1028502025-07-09T07:29:20Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/ Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari Tarmizi, Reza Chee, Yap Keng Sarkawi, Nur Nabila Ahmad, Hafandi Salleh, Annas Mohamad Tahir, Nur Diyana Baiee, Falah Che-Amat, Azlan Fitri, Wan-Nor Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered non-human primate; however, the threat of extinction is not merely from poaching and habitat loss. Orangutan survival is also threatened by the genetic loss and genetic bottleneck due to the low effective population, prompting the dire need for an immediate genetic preservation program through systematic biobanking and assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study aims to provide integral data to the semen characteristics, extension, and cryopreservation of the Bornean orangutan and the potential relationship to male traits. Five captive orangutans from Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC) with a mean body weight of 52.81 ± 7.00 kg were used for this study. Semen collection was performed using electroejaculation (EE) under complete general anesthesia. Semen was subjected to macroscopic and microscopic evaluation while testicular measurement was obtained using digital calipers. The semen characteristics of the orangutans are volume (778 ± 250.21 µl), pH (7.80 ± 0.25), concentration (32.38 ± 17.40 × 106 sperm/ml), total motility (61.00 ± 12.88%), adjusted motility index (48.76 ± 11.32%), live spermatozoa (77.75 ± 6.94%) and normal spermatozoa (11.48 ± 11.34%). Analysis of variance statistical analysis test was used to compare the significant difference between means, at (p < 0.05). Spermatozoa concentration was the only significant different parameter between individuals. Testes biometry parameters are statistically significant between the flanged and unflanged individuals. Live spermatozoa are different in adult and sub-adult individual while teratospermia was found to be consistently high in all individuals. Chilled and post-thaw quality after cryopreservation suggests promising survivability of spermatozoa. Semen collection with EE yields a consistent and acceptable quality of spermatozoa for cryopreservation, biobanking purposes, and potential application of ART. Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2022 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/1/102850.pdf Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari and Tarmizi, Reza and Chee, Yap Keng and Sarkawi, Nur Nabila and Ahmad, Hafandi and Salleh, Annas and Mohamad Tahir, Nur Diyana and Baiee, Falah and Che-Amat, Azlan and Fitri, Wan-Nor (2022) Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. Primates, 63 (4). pp. 377-386. ISSN 0032-8332; eISSN: 1610-7365 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10329-022-00989-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=24e918d3-4041-4df3-9001-840df66b4528 10.1007/s10329-022-00989-z |
| spellingShingle | Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari Tarmizi, Reza Chee, Yap Keng Sarkawi, Nur Nabila Ahmad, Hafandi Salleh, Annas Mohamad Tahir, Nur Diyana Baiee, Falah Che-Amat, Azlan Fitri, Wan-Nor Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. |
| title | Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. |
| title_full | Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. |
| title_short | Preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered Bornean orangutan in Malaysia. |
| title_sort | preliminary findings of age and male sexual characteristics and potential effect to semen characteristics and cryopreservation of the critically endangered bornean orangutan in malaysia. |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102850/1/102850.pdf |