Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste
Application of anaerobic digestion (AD) has become common in treating palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia; however, employing AD in treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), especially food waste, is still scarce. This study aims to characterize the commercial Malaysian food was...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102723/ |
| _version_ | 1848863862862905344 |
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| author | Zainal, Afifi Harun, Razif Idrus, Syazwani |
| author_facet | Zainal, Afifi Harun, Razif Idrus, Syazwani |
| author_sort | Zainal, Afifi |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Application of anaerobic digestion (AD) has become common in treating palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia; however, employing AD in treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), especially food waste, is still scarce. This study aims to characterize the commercial Malaysian food waste (CMFW) and determine its potential as sustainable bioenergy feedstock through biogas production. The sample was digested <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the biomethane potential (BMP) test with the variation of organic loading rates (OLRs), ranging from 0.38 to 3.83 gCOD/L. day, under mesophilic conditions. The digestion process was further evaluated in continuous operation using a 6-L continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The kinetic properties of the process were also determined. It was found that the CMFW had a significant amount of chemical oxygen demand of 230 g/L and an acidic pH of 4.5 with the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio at 121:1. A maximum methane composition of 81% was obtained at 1.92 gCOD/L in the BMP test with specific methane production (SMP) at 0.952 L. CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/L.COD fed. The biogas production was well-fitted with the modified Gompertz model with <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>2 at 0.9983 and the maximum biogas potential production rate at R<jats:sub>m</jats:sub> 0.1573 L/day, whereas in the CSTR operation, a maximum methane composition of 85% was produced at OLR 6 gCOD/L. day with the SMP of 1.13 L. CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/L.COD fed. The CSTR system was in high stability as the pH was maintained in a range of 6.6–6.7, with an alkalinity ratio of 0.28. This study indicates the CMFW is a sustainable feedstock for biogas production in Malaysia. Toward a circular economy approach, the authorities shall introduce commercial scale CMFW AD as part of managing municipal solid waste issues in Malaysia. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:39:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-102723 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:39:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1027232024-06-29T14:46:46Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102723/ Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste Zainal, Afifi Harun, Razif Idrus, Syazwani Application of anaerobic digestion (AD) has become common in treating palm oil mill effluent in Malaysia; however, employing AD in treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), especially food waste, is still scarce. This study aims to characterize the commercial Malaysian food waste (CMFW) and determine its potential as sustainable bioenergy feedstock through biogas production. The sample was digested <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the biomethane potential (BMP) test with the variation of organic loading rates (OLRs), ranging from 0.38 to 3.83 gCOD/L. day, under mesophilic conditions. The digestion process was further evaluated in continuous operation using a 6-L continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The kinetic properties of the process were also determined. It was found that the CMFW had a significant amount of chemical oxygen demand of 230 g/L and an acidic pH of 4.5 with the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio at 121:1. A maximum methane composition of 81% was obtained at 1.92 gCOD/L in the BMP test with specific methane production (SMP) at 0.952 L. CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/L.COD fed. The biogas production was well-fitted with the modified Gompertz model with <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>2 at 0.9983 and the maximum biogas potential production rate at R<jats:sub>m</jats:sub> 0.1573 L/day, whereas in the CSTR operation, a maximum methane composition of 85% was produced at OLR 6 gCOD/L. day with the SMP of 1.13 L. CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/L.COD fed. The CSTR system was in high stability as the pH was maintained in a range of 6.6–6.7, with an alkalinity ratio of 0.28. This study indicates the CMFW is a sustainable feedstock for biogas production in Malaysia. Toward a circular economy approach, the authorities shall introduce commercial scale CMFW AD as part of managing municipal solid waste issues in Malaysia. Frontiers Media 2022 Article PeerReviewed Zainal, Afifi and Harun, Razif and Idrus, Syazwani (2022) Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10. pp. 1-12. ISSN 2296-4185 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.775676/full 10.3389/fbioe.2022.775676 |
| spellingShingle | Zainal, Afifi Harun, Razif Idrus, Syazwani Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste |
| title | Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste |
| title_full | Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste |
| title_fullStr | Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste |
| title_short | Performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial Malaysian food waste |
| title_sort | performance monitoring of anaerobic digestion at various organic loading rates of commercial malaysian food waste |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102723/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102723/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102723/ |