Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin
Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-β carotene), which belongs to the xanthophyll class, has shown potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models including as a potent antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and cardiovascular disease prevention agent. It is mainly extracted from an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022
|
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102272/ |
| _version_ | 1848863759513157632 |
|---|---|
| author | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza |
| author_facet | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza |
| author_sort | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-β carotene), which belongs to the xanthophyll class, has shown potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models including as a potent antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and cardiovascular disease prevention agent. It is mainly extracted from an alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. As a highly lipid-soluble carotenoid, astaxanthin has been shown to have poor oral bioavailability, which limits its clinical applications. Recently, there have been several suggestions and the development of various types of nano-formulation, loaded with astaxanthin to enhance their bioavailability. The employment of nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, chitosan-based and PLGA-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles of astaxanthin for nutritional supplementation purposes has proven a higher oral bioavailability of astaxanthin. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics profiles and current developments of the nano-formulations of astaxanthin for its oral delivery that are believed to be beneficial for future applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:38:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-102272 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1022722023-06-08T02:26:48Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102272/ Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diketo-β-β carotene), which belongs to the xanthophyll class, has shown potential biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models including as a potent antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and cardiovascular disease prevention agent. It is mainly extracted from an alga, Haematococcus pluvialis. As a highly lipid-soluble carotenoid, astaxanthin has been shown to have poor oral bioavailability, which limits its clinical applications. Recently, there have been several suggestions and the development of various types of nano-formulation, loaded with astaxanthin to enhance their bioavailability. The employment of nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, chitosan-based and PLGA-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles of astaxanthin for nutritional supplementation purposes has proven a higher oral bioavailability of astaxanthin. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics profiles and current developments of the nano-formulations of astaxanthin for its oral delivery that are believed to be beneficial for future applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review. MDPI AG 2022-08-27 Article PeerReviewed Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah and Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan and Fakurazi, Sharida and Alias, Ekram and Hassan, Haniza (2022) Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin. Antioxidants, 11 (9). art. no. 1676. pp. 1-23. ISSN 2076-3921 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/9/1676 10.3390/antiox11091676 |
| spellingShingle | Abdol Wahab, Nur Rafiqah Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Fakurazi, Sharida Alias, Ekram Hassan, Haniza Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| title | Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| title_full | Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| title_fullStr | Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| title_short | Nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| title_sort | nanocarrier system: state-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102272/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102272/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102272/ |