Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages
Non-biodegradable plastics are an unresolved issue in solid waste management as recycling them is expensive. This study focused on formulating a biodegradable gellan gum (GG) membrane embedded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the adsorbent in the micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE) of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102266/ |
| _version_ | 1848863757801881600 |
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| author | Zulkipli, Nurul Aryani Wan Mohd Khalik, Wan Mohd Afiq Mohd Ariffin, Marinah Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y. Yahaya, Noorfatimah Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Loh, Saw Hong |
| author_facet | Zulkipli, Nurul Aryani Wan Mohd Khalik, Wan Mohd Afiq Mohd Ariffin, Marinah Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y. Yahaya, Noorfatimah Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Loh, Saw Hong |
| author_sort | Zulkipli, Nurul Aryani |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Non-biodegradable plastics are an unresolved issue in solid waste management as recycling them is expensive. This study focused on formulating a biodegradable gellan gum (GG) membrane embedded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the adsorbent in the micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE) of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), i.e. phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, in environmental water and fruit-juice beverage samples. PAHs quantitation was performed using micro-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. The MWCNTs GG membrane was fabricated by mixing MWCNTs in a hot GG solution, which was then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to resist membrane swelling during extraction. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the proposed µ-SPE technique demonstrated good linearity (1–500 µg L−1; correlation coefficient of ≥ 0.9925) and ultra-trace detection limits (10–60 ng L−1). Good relative recoveries in the range of 81.3–114.9% with acceptable relative standard deviations (≤ 9.7%) revealed that matrix effects were insignificant because the MWCNTs-GG membrane-based µ-SPE offered a clean extract in these real samples. The proposed µ-SPE technique is proven to be sensitive, accurate and green with an analytical eco-scale score of 81, which supports green analysis for a better tomorrow. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:38:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-102266 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:38:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1022662023-07-10T02:21:42Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102266/ Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages Zulkipli, Nurul Aryani Wan Mohd Khalik, Wan Mohd Afiq Mohd Ariffin, Marinah Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y. Yahaya, Noorfatimah Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Loh, Saw Hong Non-biodegradable plastics are an unresolved issue in solid waste management as recycling them is expensive. This study focused on formulating a biodegradable gellan gum (GG) membrane embedded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the adsorbent in the micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE) of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), i.e. phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, in environmental water and fruit-juice beverage samples. PAHs quantitation was performed using micro-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. The MWCNTs GG membrane was fabricated by mixing MWCNTs in a hot GG solution, which was then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to resist membrane swelling during extraction. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the proposed µ-SPE technique demonstrated good linearity (1–500 µg L−1; correlation coefficient of ≥ 0.9925) and ultra-trace detection limits (10–60 ng L−1). Good relative recoveries in the range of 81.3–114.9% with acceptable relative standard deviations (≤ 9.7%) revealed that matrix effects were insignificant because the MWCNTs-GG membrane-based µ-SPE offered a clean extract in these real samples. The proposed µ-SPE technique is proven to be sensitive, accurate and green with an analytical eco-scale score of 81, which supports green analysis for a better tomorrow. Springer 2022-11-06 Article PeerReviewed Zulkipli, Nurul Aryani and Wan Mohd Khalik, Wan Mohd Afiq and Mohd Ariffin, Marinah and Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y. and Yahaya, Noorfatimah and Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda and Loh, Saw Hong (2022) Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages. Chromatographia, 85 (1). 23 - 33. ISSN 0009-5893; ESSN: 1612-1112 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10337-021-04102-2#citeas 10.1007/s10337-021-04102-2 |
| spellingShingle | Zulkipli, Nurul Aryani Wan Mohd Khalik, Wan Mohd Afiq Mohd Ariffin, Marinah Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y. Yahaya, Noorfatimah Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda Loh, Saw Hong Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| title | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| title_full | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| title_fullStr | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| title_short | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| title_sort | multiwalled carbon nanotubes-encapsulated gellan gum membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water and beverages |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102266/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102266/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102266/ |