Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål
Background. Coastal land development has deteriorated the habitat and water quality for seagrass growth and causes the proliferation of opportunist macroalgae that can potentially affect them physically and biochemically. The present study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of...
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| Format: | Article |
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PeerJ
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102239/ |
| _version_ | 1848863750792151040 |
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| author | Emmclan, Lau Sheng Hann Zakaria, Muta Harah Ramaiya, Shiamala Devi Ikhsan, Natrah Bujang, Japar Sidik |
| author_facet | Emmclan, Lau Sheng Hann Zakaria, Muta Harah Ramaiya, Shiamala Devi Ikhsan, Natrah Bujang, Japar Sidik |
| author_sort | Emmclan, Lau Sheng Hann |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background. Coastal land development has deteriorated the habitat and water quality for seagrass growth and causes the proliferation of opportunist macroalgae that can potentially affect them physically and biochemically. The present study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of seagrass from the Hydrocharitaceae family under the macroalgal bloom of Ulva reticulata, induced by land reclamation activities for constructing artificial islands. Methods. Five seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Halophila major, and Halophila spinulosa were collected at an Ulva reticulatacolonized site (MA) shoal and a non-Ulva reticulata-colonized site (MC) shoal at Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia. Morphometry of shoots comprising leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf sheath length (LSL), leaflet length (LTL), leaflet width (LTW), petiole length (PL), space between intra-marginal veins (IV) of leaf, cross vein angle (CVA) of leaf, number of the cross vein (NOC), number of the leaf (NOL) and number of the leaflet (NOLT) were measured on fresh seagrass specimens. Moreover, in-situ water quality and water nutrient content were also recorded. Seagrass extracts in methanol were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results. Seagrasses in the U. reticulata-colonized site (MA) had significantly higher (t -test, p < 0.05) leaf dimensions compared to those at the non-U. reticulata colonized site (MC). Simple broad-leaved seagrass of H. major and H. ovalis were highly sensitive to the colonization of U. reticulata, which resulted in higher morphometric variation (t -test, p < 0.05) including LL, PL, LW, and IV. Concerning the biochemical properties, all the seagrasses at MA recorded significantly higher (t -test, p < 0.05) TPC, TFC, and ABTS and lower DPPH and FRAP activities compared to those at MC. Hydrocharitaceae seagrass experience positive changes in leaf morphology features and metabolite contents when shaded by U. reticulata. Researching the synergistic effect of anthropogenic nutrient loads on the interaction between seagrasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effect of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in the tropical meadow. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:37:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-102239 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:37:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | PeerJ |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1022392023-09-22T23:50:57Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102239/ Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål Emmclan, Lau Sheng Hann Zakaria, Muta Harah Ramaiya, Shiamala Devi Ikhsan, Natrah Bujang, Japar Sidik Background. Coastal land development has deteriorated the habitat and water quality for seagrass growth and causes the proliferation of opportunist macroalgae that can potentially affect them physically and biochemically. The present study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of seagrass from the Hydrocharitaceae family under the macroalgal bloom of Ulva reticulata, induced by land reclamation activities for constructing artificial islands. Methods. Five seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Halophila major, and Halophila spinulosa were collected at an Ulva reticulatacolonized site (MA) shoal and a non-Ulva reticulata-colonized site (MC) shoal at Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia. Morphometry of shoots comprising leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf sheath length (LSL), leaflet length (LTL), leaflet width (LTW), petiole length (PL), space between intra-marginal veins (IV) of leaf, cross vein angle (CVA) of leaf, number of the cross vein (NOC), number of the leaf (NOL) and number of the leaflet (NOLT) were measured on fresh seagrass specimens. Moreover, in-situ water quality and water nutrient content were also recorded. Seagrass extracts in methanol were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results. Seagrasses in the U. reticulata-colonized site (MA) had significantly higher (t -test, p < 0.05) leaf dimensions compared to those at the non-U. reticulata colonized site (MC). Simple broad-leaved seagrass of H. major and H. ovalis were highly sensitive to the colonization of U. reticulata, which resulted in higher morphometric variation (t -test, p < 0.05) including LL, PL, LW, and IV. Concerning the biochemical properties, all the seagrasses at MA recorded significantly higher (t -test, p < 0.05) TPC, TFC, and ABTS and lower DPPH and FRAP activities compared to those at MC. Hydrocharitaceae seagrass experience positive changes in leaf morphology features and metabolite contents when shaded by U. reticulata. Researching the synergistic effect of anthropogenic nutrient loads on the interaction between seagrasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effect of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in the tropical meadow. PeerJ 2022-01-18 Article PeerReviewed Emmclan, Lau Sheng Hann and Zakaria, Muta Harah and Ramaiya, Shiamala Devi and Ikhsan, Natrah and Bujang, Japar Sidik (2022) Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål. PeerJ, 10. pp. 1-32. ISSN 2167-8359 https://peerj.com/articles/12821/# 10.7717/peerj.12821 |
| spellingShingle | Emmclan, Lau Sheng Hann Zakaria, Muta Harah Ramaiya, Shiamala Devi Ikhsan, Natrah Bujang, Japar Sidik Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål |
| title | Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål |
| title_full | Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål |
| title_fullStr | Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål |
| title_short | Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål |
| title_sort | morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (family: hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae ulva reticulata forsskål |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102239/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102239/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102239/ |