Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans and animals, have become a significant concern globally. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiogram of S. aureus isolated from animal handlers in Peninsula...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101855/ |
| _version_ | 1848863648331595776 |
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| author | Chai, Minhian Sukiman, Muhammad Zikree Baharin, Amirah Huda Kamarun Ramlan, Insyirah Lai, Lennard Zhunhoong Liew, Yeewen Malayandy, Pavitra Mohamad, Noor Muzamil Choong, Siewshean Zainal Ariffin, Siti Mariam Ghazali, Mohd Faizal |
| author_facet | Chai, Minhian Sukiman, Muhammad Zikree Baharin, Amirah Huda Kamarun Ramlan, Insyirah Lai, Lennard Zhunhoong Liew, Yeewen Malayandy, Pavitra Mohamad, Noor Muzamil Choong, Siewshean Zainal Ariffin, Siti Mariam Ghazali, Mohd Faizal |
| author_sort | Chai, Minhian |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans and animals, have become a significant concern globally. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiogram of S. aureus isolated from animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia. Furthermore, the genotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates were also investigated. Nasal and oral swab samples were collected from 423 animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia. The antibiogram profiles of S. aureus against 18 antibiotics were established using a Kirby–Bauer test. The genotypic profile of S. aureus, including the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence genes and spa genotypes, was investigated using molecular techniques. The overall carriage rate of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA was 30.5%, 1.2% and 19.4%, respectively. S. aureus was highly resistant against penicillin (72.3%) and amoxicillin (52.3%). Meanwhile, gentamicin and linezolid were fully effective against all the isolated S. aureus from animal handlers. It was observed that animal handlers with close exposure to poultry were more likely to carry S. aureus that is resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. S. aureus isolates harboured tetracycline resistance (tetK, tetL and tetM), erythromycin resistance (ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA) and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes (scn, chp, sak, sea and sep). Seventeen different spa types were detected among the 30 isolates of MDRSA, with t189 (16.7%) and t4171 (16.7%) being the predominant spa type, suggesting wide genetic diversity of the MDRSA isolates. The present study demonstrated the prevalence of S. aureus strains, including MRSA and MDRSA with various antimicrobial resistance and genetic profiles from animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:36:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-101855 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:36:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1018552023-09-21T04:17:33Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101855/ Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization Chai, Minhian Sukiman, Muhammad Zikree Baharin, Amirah Huda Kamarun Ramlan, Insyirah Lai, Lennard Zhunhoong Liew, Yeewen Malayandy, Pavitra Mohamad, Noor Muzamil Choong, Siewshean Zainal Ariffin, Siti Mariam Ghazali, Mohd Faizal Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans and animals, have become a significant concern globally. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiogram of S. aureus isolated from animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia. Furthermore, the genotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates were also investigated. Nasal and oral swab samples were collected from 423 animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia. The antibiogram profiles of S. aureus against 18 antibiotics were established using a Kirby–Bauer test. The genotypic profile of S. aureus, including the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence genes and spa genotypes, was investigated using molecular techniques. The overall carriage rate of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA was 30.5%, 1.2% and 19.4%, respectively. S. aureus was highly resistant against penicillin (72.3%) and amoxicillin (52.3%). Meanwhile, gentamicin and linezolid were fully effective against all the isolated S. aureus from animal handlers. It was observed that animal handlers with close exposure to poultry were more likely to carry S. aureus that is resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. S. aureus isolates harboured tetracycline resistance (tetK, tetL and tetM), erythromycin resistance (ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA) and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes (scn, chp, sak, sea and sep). Seventeen different spa types were detected among the 30 isolates of MDRSA, with t189 (16.7%) and t4171 (16.7%) being the predominant spa type, suggesting wide genetic diversity of the MDRSA isolates. The present study demonstrated the prevalence of S. aureus strains, including MRSA and MDRSA with various antimicrobial resistance and genetic profiles from animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022-01-14 Article PeerReviewed Chai, Minhian and Sukiman, Muhammad Zikree and Baharin, Amirah Huda Kamarun and Ramlan, Insyirah and Lai, Lennard Zhunhoong and Liew, Yeewen and Malayandy, Pavitra and Mohamad, Noor Muzamil and Choong, Siewshean and Zainal Ariffin, Siti Mariam and Ghazali, Mohd Faizal (2022) Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization. Antibiotics, 11 (1). art. no. 103. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2079-6382 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/1/103 10.3390/antibiotics11010103 |
| spellingShingle | Chai, Minhian Sukiman, Muhammad Zikree Baharin, Amirah Huda Kamarun Ramlan, Insyirah Lai, Lennard Zhunhoong Liew, Yeewen Malayandy, Pavitra Mohamad, Noor Muzamil Choong, Siewshean Zainal Ariffin, Siti Mariam Ghazali, Mohd Faizal Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| title | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| title_full | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| title_fullStr | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| title_short | Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| title_sort | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from peninsular malaysian animal handlers: molecular profile, antimicrobial resistance, immune evasion cluster and genotypic categorization |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101855/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101855/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101855/ |