Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
Background and aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been increasingly used in recent years to evaluate glycemic control and variability in individuals with diabetes observing Ramadan fasting. However, the effectiveness of the Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101201/ |
| _version_ | 1848863516207874048 |
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| author | Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak Wan Zukiman, Wan Zul Haikal Hafiz Abu Zaid, Zalina Omar, Noraida Xin, Rachel Yi Liu Marczewska, Agnieszka Hamdy, Osama |
| author_facet | Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak Wan Zukiman, Wan Zul Haikal Hafiz Abu Zaid, Zalina Omar, Noraida Xin, Rachel Yi Liu Marczewska, Agnieszka Hamdy, Osama |
| author_sort | Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background and aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been increasingly used in recent years to evaluate glycemic control and variability in individuals with diabetes observing Ramadan fasting. However, the effectiveness of the Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using CGM-derived measures has not been investigated. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of structured RNP versus standard care using CGM in individuals with T2D. Methods: This parallel non-randomized interventional study with patients’ preference design involved 21 individuals with T2D (mean age: 49 ± 10 years, BMI: 30.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2). Participants chose to receive either structured RNP (sRNT; structured Ramadan Nutrition Therapy group; n = 14) or standard care (SC; n = 7). Participants wore CGM 5 days before Ramadan and during Ramadan. CGM-derived measures of glycemic variability were calculated using Glyculator version 2.0. Results: Compared to the SC group, the sRNT group significantly reduced their fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and increased dietary fiber intake. CGM data showed the sRNT group had significantly lower average sensor glucose, peak sensor value, estimated A1c, percentage and duration of time-above-range, J-index, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), and continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA); and a significantly higher percentage of time-in-range (TIR). Conclusions: The structured RNP significantly improved clinical outcomes, glycemic control and variability in individuals with T2D. The study highlights the importance of utilizing CGM sensor data to monitor glycemic excursions during Ramadan fasting. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:34:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-101201 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:34:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1012012023-08-15T04:22:56Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101201/ Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak Wan Zukiman, Wan Zul Haikal Hafiz Abu Zaid, Zalina Omar, Noraida Xin, Rachel Yi Liu Marczewska, Agnieszka Hamdy, Osama Background and aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been increasingly used in recent years to evaluate glycemic control and variability in individuals with diabetes observing Ramadan fasting. However, the effectiveness of the Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using CGM-derived measures has not been investigated. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of structured RNP versus standard care using CGM in individuals with T2D. Methods: This parallel non-randomized interventional study with patients’ preference design involved 21 individuals with T2D (mean age: 49 ± 10 years, BMI: 30.0 ± 6.2 kg/m2). Participants chose to receive either structured RNP (sRNT; structured Ramadan Nutrition Therapy group; n = 14) or standard care (SC; n = 7). Participants wore CGM 5 days before Ramadan and during Ramadan. CGM-derived measures of glycemic variability were calculated using Glyculator version 2.0. Results: Compared to the SC group, the sRNT group significantly reduced their fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and increased dietary fiber intake. CGM data showed the sRNT group had significantly lower average sensor glucose, peak sensor value, estimated A1c, percentage and duration of time-above-range, J-index, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), and continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA); and a significantly higher percentage of time-in-range (TIR). Conclusions: The structured RNP significantly improved clinical outcomes, glycemic control and variability in individuals with T2D. The study highlights the importance of utilizing CGM sensor data to monitor glycemic excursions during Ramadan fasting. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings. Elsevier 2022 Article PeerReviewed Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin and Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak and Wan Zukiman, Wan Zul Haikal Hafiz and Abu Zaid, Zalina and Omar, Noraida and Xin, Rachel Yi Liu and Marczewska, Agnieszka and Hamdy, Osama (2022) Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 16 (10). art. no. 102617. pp. 1-7. ISSN 1871-4021; ESSN: 1878-0334 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402122002314 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102617 |
| spellingShingle | Hasbullah, Farah Yasmin Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak Wan Zukiman, Wan Zul Haikal Hafiz Abu Zaid, Zalina Omar, Noraida Xin, Rachel Yi Liu Marczewska, Agnieszka Hamdy, Osama Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| title | Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| title_full | Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| title_short | Effects of structured Ramadan Nutrition Plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| title_sort | effects of structured ramadan nutrition plan on glycemic control and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101201/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101201/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101201/ |