Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)
The recovery of tocotrienols from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil, is of economic and environmental interest. In this study tocotrienols were extracted from PFAD using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at different temperatures (40–60°C) and pressures (20–40 MPa). The...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101134/ |
| _version_ | 1848863501201702912 |
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| author | Othman, Najwa Gun, H. Chong M. Azman, Ezzat Suleiman, Norhidayah |
| author_facet | Othman, Najwa Gun, H. Chong M. Azman, Ezzat Suleiman, Norhidayah |
| author_sort | Othman, Najwa |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The recovery of tocotrienols from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil, is of economic and environmental interest. In this study tocotrienols were extracted from PFAD using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at different temperatures (40–60°C) and pressures (20–40 MPa). The optimal process conditions were estimated to be 20 MPa and 53°C for 300 min and a CO2 flow rate of 32 ± 2 g/min, with 16.45 mg/g of tocotrienols extracted. Two modifications to the extraction process were then made at the optimal conditions. First, 180 min of static extraction was added before the dynamic extraction; and second, the solvent polarity was altered by adding 0.075 ml/g ethanol to the scCO2 system. These modifications significantly increased the tocotrienol extraction, to 23.62 mg/g and 30.03 mg/g, respectively. The use of scCO2 for the extraction of tocotrienols shows great potential, which might be extended to other compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:33:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-101134 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:33:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1011342023-05-24T04:06:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101134/ Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) Othman, Najwa Gun, H. Chong M. Azman, Ezzat Suleiman, Norhidayah The recovery of tocotrienols from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil, is of economic and environmental interest. In this study tocotrienols were extracted from PFAD using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at different temperatures (40–60°C) and pressures (20–40 MPa). The optimal process conditions were estimated to be 20 MPa and 53°C for 300 min and a CO2 flow rate of 32 ± 2 g/min, with 16.45 mg/g of tocotrienols extracted. Two modifications to the extraction process were then made at the optimal conditions. First, 180 min of static extraction was added before the dynamic extraction; and second, the solvent polarity was altered by adding 0.075 ml/g ethanol to the scCO2 system. These modifications significantly increased the tocotrienol extraction, to 23.62 mg/g and 30.03 mg/g, respectively. The use of scCO2 for the extraction of tocotrienols shows great potential, which might be extended to other compounds. Wiley 2022-03-21 Article PeerReviewed Othman, Najwa and Gun, H. Chong and M. Azman, Ezzat and Suleiman, Norhidayah (2022) Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46 (5). art. no. e16533. pp. 1-10. ISSN 0145-8892; ESSN: 1745-4549 https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfpp.16533 10.1111/jfpp.16533 |
| spellingShingle | Othman, Najwa Gun, H. Chong M. Azman, Ezzat Suleiman, Norhidayah Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) |
| title | Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) |
| title_full | Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) |
| title_short | Effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) |
| title_sort | effect of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of tocotrienols from hydrolyzed palm fatty acid distillate (pfad) |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101134/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101134/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101134/ |