Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis
Propolis is a good source for flavonoids, however, their recovery is challenging, as it is a waxy material. This study investigated edible oils virgin coconut oil (VCO), corn oil (CO), and ghee (G) as co-extractants for the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of flavonoids from the propo...
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| Format: | Article |
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Public Library of Science
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101049/ |
| _version_ | 1848863480987254784 |
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| author | Pattiram, Parveen Devi Abas, Faridah Suleiman, Norhidayah Mohamad Azman, Ezzat Gun, Hean Chong |
| author_facet | Pattiram, Parveen Devi Abas, Faridah Suleiman, Norhidayah Mohamad Azman, Ezzat Gun, Hean Chong |
| author_sort | Pattiram, Parveen Devi |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Propolis is a good source for flavonoids, however, their recovery is challenging, as it is a waxy material. This study investigated edible oils virgin coconut oil (VCO), corn oil (CO), and ghee (G) as co-extractants for the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of flavonoids from the propolis. The extraction of flavonoids using 20% VCO as co-extractant with scCO2 (25 g/min) for 210 min at 150 bar and 50°C was found to be the most appropriate, yielding a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 11.7 mg/g and 25% TFC recovery. At a higher temperature (60°C) and pressure (250 bar and 350 bar), the propolis became softer and compressed causing the extractions to retrograde. The extraction curves correlated to the diffusion model with 1.6% (AARD). The matrix diffusivities increased from 4.7 × 10−11 m2/s (scCO2) to 6.9 × 10−11–21.4 × 10−11 m2/s upon the addition of edible oils. Thus, edible oils could be used with scCO2 to improve the flavonoid extraction from propolis. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:33:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-101049 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:33:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1010492023-06-17T23:34:42Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101049/ Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis Pattiram, Parveen Devi Abas, Faridah Suleiman, Norhidayah Mohamad Azman, Ezzat Gun, Hean Chong Propolis is a good source for flavonoids, however, their recovery is challenging, as it is a waxy material. This study investigated edible oils virgin coconut oil (VCO), corn oil (CO), and ghee (G) as co-extractants for the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of flavonoids from the propolis. The extraction of flavonoids using 20% VCO as co-extractant with scCO2 (25 g/min) for 210 min at 150 bar and 50°C was found to be the most appropriate, yielding a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 11.7 mg/g and 25% TFC recovery. At a higher temperature (60°C) and pressure (250 bar and 350 bar), the propolis became softer and compressed causing the extractions to retrograde. The extraction curves correlated to the diffusion model with 1.6% (AARD). The matrix diffusivities increased from 4.7 × 10−11 m2/s (scCO2) to 6.9 × 10−11–21.4 × 10−11 m2/s upon the addition of edible oils. Thus, edible oils could be used with scCO2 to improve the flavonoid extraction from propolis. Public Library of Science 2022-04-12 Article PeerReviewed Pattiram, Parveen Devi and Abas, Faridah and Suleiman, Norhidayah and Mohamad Azman, Ezzat and Gun, Hean Chong (2022) Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis. PLoS ONE, 17 (4). art. no. e0266673. pp. 1-14. ISSN 1932-6203 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0266673 10.1371/journal.pone.0266673 |
| spellingShingle | Pattiram, Parveen Devi Abas, Faridah Suleiman, Norhidayah Mohamad Azman, Ezzat Gun, Hean Chong Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| title | Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| title_full | Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| title_fullStr | Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| title_short | Edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| title_sort | edible oils as a co-extractant for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of flavonoids from propolis |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101049/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101049/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101049/ |