Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment
Nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems have significant interest in cancer treatment, such as improving the stabilities and biocompatibilities, precise targeting, and reducing toxicities for non-cancerous cells. Herein, this study presents the synthesis and characterisation of carbonate apatite na...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100538/ |
| _version_ | 1848863349847097344 |
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| author | Maarof, Nian N. N. Abdulmalek, Emilia Fakurazi, Sharida Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin |
| author_facet | Maarof, Nian N. N. Abdulmalek, Emilia Fakurazi, Sharida Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin |
| author_sort | Maarof, Nian N. N. |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems have significant interest in cancer treatment, such as improving the stabilities and biocompatibilities, precise targeting, and reducing toxicities for non-cancerous cells. Herein, this study presents the synthesis and characterisation of carbonate apatite nanoparticles (nCA) and encapsulated afatinib (AFA) as promising drug delivery candidates for lung cancer treatment. nCA/AFA was synthesised and physicochemically characterised, then the encapsulation capacity, drug loading, and cumulative drug release profile were evaluated. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed that the synthesised nCA is apatite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the drug loading into the nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) determined the morphology of nCA and nCA/AFA and the diameters of 47.36 ± 3.16 and 42.97 ± 2.78 nm, respectively, without an unaltered nCA phase. Encapsulation efficiency (%) and drug loading (%) were 55.08% ± 1.68% and 8.19% ± 0.52%. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) results revealed that the synthesised nCA is mesoporous, with a surface area of 55.53 m2/g, and is negatively charged. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed increasing roughness of nCA/AFA compared to nCA. The drug release from the nano-formulation nCA/AFA demonstrated slow and sustained release compared to the pure drug. Accordingly, nCA/AFA represents a promising drug delivery system for NSCLC treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:31:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-100538 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:31:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1005382023-11-21T09:07:17Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100538/ Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment Maarof, Nian N. N. Abdulmalek, Emilia Fakurazi, Sharida Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin Nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems have significant interest in cancer treatment, such as improving the stabilities and biocompatibilities, precise targeting, and reducing toxicities for non-cancerous cells. Herein, this study presents the synthesis and characterisation of carbonate apatite nanoparticles (nCA) and encapsulated afatinib (AFA) as promising drug delivery candidates for lung cancer treatment. nCA/AFA was synthesised and physicochemically characterised, then the encapsulation capacity, drug loading, and cumulative drug release profile were evaluated. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed that the synthesised nCA is apatite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the drug loading into the nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) determined the morphology of nCA and nCA/AFA and the diameters of 47.36 ± 3.16 and 42.97 ± 2.78 nm, respectively, without an unaltered nCA phase. Encapsulation efficiency (%) and drug loading (%) were 55.08% ± 1.68% and 8.19% ± 0.52%. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) results revealed that the synthesised nCA is mesoporous, with a surface area of 55.53 m2/g, and is negatively charged. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed increasing roughness of nCA/AFA compared to nCA. The drug release from the nano-formulation nCA/AFA demonstrated slow and sustained release compared to the pure drug. Accordingly, nCA/AFA represents a promising drug delivery system for NSCLC treatment. MDPI 2022-06-10 Article PeerReviewed Maarof, Nian N. N. and Abdulmalek, Emilia and Fakurazi, Sharida and Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin (2022) Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. Pharmaceutics, 14 (6). art. no. 1230. pp. 1-18. ISSN 1999-4923 https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/6/1230 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061230 |
| spellingShingle | Maarof, Nian N. N. Abdulmalek, Emilia Fakurazi, Sharida Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| title | Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| title_full | Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| title_short | Biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| title_sort | biodegradable carbonate apatite nanoparticle as a delivery system to promote afatinib delivery for non-small cell lung cancer treatment |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100538/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100538/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100538/ |