A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review
Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type II diabetes; it comes in various forms that can be used alone or with other oral hypoglycemic medications. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommended starting with Metformin immediate-release and shifting to extended...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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National Institute of Health Sciences
2022
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100094/ |
| _version_ | 1848863222215475200 |
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| author | Alshadfan, Hisham Aljohani, Samar Mirghan, Hyder Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim |
| author_facet | Alshadfan, Hisham Aljohani, Samar Mirghan, Hyder Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim |
| author_sort | Alshadfan, Hisham |
| building | UPM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type II diabetes; it comes in various forms that can be used alone or with other oral hypoglycemic medications. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommended starting with Metformin immediate-release and shifting to extended-release when not tolerated. We aimed to compare the immediate and extended-release formulation in terms of metabolic profile, gastrointestinal adverse effects, patients' satisfaction, and health-related quality of life. The extended-release formulations were better in terms of gastrointestinal side effects. In addition, it improved patients' satisfaction and adherence to treatment. There were no significant differences between Metformin-immediate release (MIR) and Metformin-extended release (MXR) regarding body mass index and waist circumference. The effect on lipid profile was modest; a reduction of low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and an increasing high-density lipoprotein were observed with no statistical significance between the two formulations. However, a rising triglycerides was found among patients taking the extended-release. The evidence is conflicting regarding glycemic control. Six out of the eight included studies showed similar efficacy, one showed the superiority of the immediate-release, and another one showed that the extended-release was more effective. Therefore, studies into hypoglycemia risk and lactic acidosis are definitely needed to address all these conflicting situations. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:29:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm-100094 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T13:29:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | National Institute of Health Sciences |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | upm-1000942024-08-05T01:44:33Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100094/ A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review Alshadfan, Hisham Aljohani, Samar Mirghan, Hyder Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type II diabetes; it comes in various forms that can be used alone or with other oral hypoglycemic medications. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommended starting with Metformin immediate-release and shifting to extended-release when not tolerated. We aimed to compare the immediate and extended-release formulation in terms of metabolic profile, gastrointestinal adverse effects, patients' satisfaction, and health-related quality of life. The extended-release formulations were better in terms of gastrointestinal side effects. In addition, it improved patients' satisfaction and adherence to treatment. There were no significant differences between Metformin-immediate release (MIR) and Metformin-extended release (MXR) regarding body mass index and waist circumference. The effect on lipid profile was modest; a reduction of low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and an increasing high-density lipoprotein were observed with no statistical significance between the two formulations. However, a rising triglycerides was found among patients taking the extended-release. The evidence is conflicting regarding glycemic control. Six out of the eight included studies showed similar efficacy, one showed the superiority of the immediate-release, and another one showed that the extended-release was more effective. Therefore, studies into hypoglycemia risk and lactic acidosis are definitely needed to address all these conflicting situations. National Institute of Health Sciences 2022-06 Article PeerReviewed Alshadfan, Hisham and Aljohani, Samar and Mirghan, Hyder and Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim (2022) A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review. Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences, 140 (3). 2099 - 2120. ISSN 1343-4292 https://www.healthsciencesbulletin.com/article/a-comparison-between-metformin-immediate-release-and-extended-release-a-review |
| spellingShingle | Alshadfan, Hisham Aljohani, Samar Mirghan, Hyder Abdullah, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| title | A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| title_full | A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| title_fullStr | A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| title_short | A comparison between Metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| title_sort | comparison between metformin immediate-release and extended-release: a review |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100094/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100094/ |