Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst
Biodiesel refers to non-petroleum based fuel obtained from transesterification of vegetable oil. This study was conducted to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), crude palm oil (CPO) and palm stearin. Biodiesel is produced from waste material by using transesterification proc...
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| Format: | Final Year Project Report / IMRAD |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS
2013
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| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/4/Siti%20Ainshah%28fulltext%29.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848836140000346112 |
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| author | Siti Ainshah Ashikin, Bt Zainuddin |
| author_facet | Siti Ainshah Ashikin, Bt Zainuddin |
| author_sort | Siti Ainshah Ashikin, Bt Zainuddin |
| building | UNIMAS Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Biodiesel refers to non-petroleum based fuel obtained from transesterification of vegetable oil. This
study was conducted to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), crude palm oil
(CPO) and palm stearin. Biodiesel is produced from waste material by using transesterification
process in the present of catalyst. The heterogeneous catalysts were prepared from natural resources
as a source of calcium oxide (CaO) and activated carbon catalyst (ACC) to produce a low cost
biodiesel production catalyst. CaO was prepared from mussel shell while ACC prepared from plant
under calcination at 1000 oC. Both biodiesel and catalyst were characterized by Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR). Biodiesel production from PFAD was produced by two step reactions of
esterification as pre-treatment using H2SO4 and transesterification using CaO as catalyst. CPO and
palm stearin was produced using 30% methanol as minimum requirement for industrial purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T06:19:01Z |
| format | Final Year Project Report / IMRAD |
| id | unimas-7475 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T06:19:01Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | unimas-74752024-02-06T06:13:09Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/ Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst Siti Ainshah Ashikin, Bt Zainuddin Q Science (General) QK Botany SB Plant culture Biodiesel refers to non-petroleum based fuel obtained from transesterification of vegetable oil. This study was conducted to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), crude palm oil (CPO) and palm stearin. Biodiesel is produced from waste material by using transesterification process in the present of catalyst. The heterogeneous catalysts were prepared from natural resources as a source of calcium oxide (CaO) and activated carbon catalyst (ACC) to produce a low cost biodiesel production catalyst. CaO was prepared from mussel shell while ACC prepared from plant under calcination at 1000 oC. Both biodiesel and catalyst were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Biodiesel production from PFAD was produced by two step reactions of esterification as pre-treatment using H2SO4 and transesterification using CaO as catalyst. CPO and palm stearin was produced using 30% methanol as minimum requirement for industrial purposes. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS 2013 Final Year Project Report / IMRAD NonPeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/4/Siti%20Ainshah%28fulltext%29.pdf Siti Ainshah Ashikin, Bt Zainuddin (2013) Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst. [Final Year Project Report / IMRAD] (Unpublished) |
| spellingShingle | Q Science (General) QK Botany SB Plant culture Siti Ainshah Ashikin, Bt Zainuddin Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| title | Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_full | Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_short | Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| title_sort | biodiesel from free fatty acid (ffa) by using heterogeneous catalyst |
| topic | Q Science (General) QK Botany SB Plant culture |
| url | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/4/Siti%20Ainshah%28fulltext%29.pdf |