Biodiesel from free fatty acid (FFA) by using heterogeneous catalyst
Biodiesel refers to non-petroleum based fuel obtained from transesterification of vegetable oil. This study was conducted to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), crude palm oil (CPO) and palm stearin. Biodiesel is produced from waste material by using transesterification proc...
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| Format: | Final Year Project Report / IMRAD |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS
2013
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| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/7475/4/Siti%20Ainshah%28fulltext%29.pdf |
| Summary: | Biodiesel refers to non-petroleum based fuel obtained from transesterification of vegetable oil. This
study was conducted to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), crude palm oil
(CPO) and palm stearin. Biodiesel is produced from waste material by using transesterification
process in the present of catalyst. The heterogeneous catalysts were prepared from natural resources
as a source of calcium oxide (CaO) and activated carbon catalyst (ACC) to produce a low cost
biodiesel production catalyst. CaO was prepared from mussel shell while ACC prepared from plant
under calcination at 1000 oC. Both biodiesel and catalyst were characterized by Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR). Biodiesel production from PFAD was produced by two step reactions of
esterification as pre-treatment using H2SO4 and transesterification using CaO as catalyst. CPO and
palm stearin was produced using 30% methanol as minimum requirement for industrial purposes. |
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