Harmonizing Trade And Environment Conflicts: Win, Lose Or Draw
Internalization of environmental externalities through the Polluter-Pays-Principle (PPP) has been widely encouraged. Under the PPP, it is generally assumed that the additional cost of internalization is passed on to consumers. However, stiff competition in the world market could make it difficult...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS)
2007
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| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/18330/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/18330/1/HARMONIZING%20TRADE.pdf |
| Summary: | Internalization of environmental externalities through the Polluter-Pays-Principle (PPP) has been
widely encouraged. Under the PPP, it is generally assumed that the additional cost of internalization
is passed on to consumers. However, stiff competition in the world market could make it difficult for
exporters to pass on to international consumers, thus profit margin on export commodities is eroded
and exports may be curtailed. This situation prevails in many developing countries which export a
large proportion of their commodity production. When pollution control costs are substantial,
voluntary implementation of environmental policy in the commodity export sector of a country may
be problematic. Some forms of international coordination are required to ensure that the costs of
internalization of externalities are accounted for in the price of the commodity. An international
commodity-related environmental agreement (ICREA) provides an institutional form for dealing with
full cost pricing of commodities through international policy coordination for a win-win solution.
Lessons from the theoretical aspects and empirical work on international environmental agreements
are deliberated at government agencies, non-governmental organizations, businesses and tertiary
institutions. Studies have shown mixed results that generalizations on the trade impacts of
environmental regulations are unwise. Thus, trade and environment linkages remain an issue which
calls for a political economic solution in the short term. |
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