Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure
Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was conducted on durability (termite and decay combined) rating data collected over 20 years exposure period of over 140 species of Sarawak timbers with altogether 30,000 stake specimens, at the Forest Department’s Sibu “graveyard” stake test sites from 1977. About 20...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IRGWP
2005
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| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/1/Tropical%20in-ground%20durability%20of%20structural%20%28abstract%29.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848837980828991488 |
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| author | Wang, Choon Ling Wong, Andrew H.H |
| author_facet | Wang, Choon Ling Wong, Andrew H.H |
| author_sort | Wang, Choon Ling |
| building | UNIMAS Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was conducted on durability (termite and decay combined)
rating data collected over 20 years exposure period of over 140 species of Sarawak
timbers with altogether 30,000 stake specimens, at the Forest Department’s Sibu
“graveyard” stake test sites from 1977. About 20 replicated stakes were pressure-treated
to refusal with 10% g/ml concentration of up to 3 CCA-salt formulations and 1 CCAoxide
product and FCAP were visually evaluated every 6 months according to the 5-point
ASTM D1758 durability rating scale, and the treated durability results reported in this
paper are between 5 and 20 years exposure. The analysis was confined to 7 relatively
high density hardwood species that are regarded suitable for in-ground structural use (ie,
basic density >600 kg/m3), and had achieved a minimum preservative retention of 16
kg/m3 (as required for CCA-salts) but up to 48 kg/m3 retention. The results revealed that
the in-ground durability of treated wood decreased usually after 5 years to poor-tomoderately
durable levels with CCA-salts, moderate-to-high durability with CCA-oxide,
but failed with FCAP after 20 years. CCA-oxide treated hardwoods out-perform the
CCA-salt treated counterparts despite their relatively similar retention and “overtreatment
factor”. The non-leach-resistant FCAP is clearly unsuitable as an industrial
used in-ground wood protectant. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T06:48:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | unimas-16078 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T06:48:17Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | IRGWP |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | unimas-160782017-05-03T02:13:42Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/ Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure Wang, Choon Ling Wong, Andrew H.H GE Environmental Sciences SD Forestry Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was conducted on durability (termite and decay combined) rating data collected over 20 years exposure period of over 140 species of Sarawak timbers with altogether 30,000 stake specimens, at the Forest Department’s Sibu “graveyard” stake test sites from 1977. About 20 replicated stakes were pressure-treated to refusal with 10% g/ml concentration of up to 3 CCA-salt formulations and 1 CCAoxide product and FCAP were visually evaluated every 6 months according to the 5-point ASTM D1758 durability rating scale, and the treated durability results reported in this paper are between 5 and 20 years exposure. The analysis was confined to 7 relatively high density hardwood species that are regarded suitable for in-ground structural use (ie, basic density >600 kg/m3), and had achieved a minimum preservative retention of 16 kg/m3 (as required for CCA-salts) but up to 48 kg/m3 retention. The results revealed that the in-ground durability of treated wood decreased usually after 5 years to poor-tomoderately durable levels with CCA-salts, moderate-to-high durability with CCA-oxide, but failed with FCAP after 20 years. CCA-oxide treated hardwoods out-perform the CCA-salt treated counterparts despite their relatively similar retention and “overtreatment factor”. The non-leach-resistant FCAP is clearly unsuitable as an industrial used in-ground wood protectant. IRGWP 2005 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/1/Tropical%20in-ground%20durability%20of%20structural%20%28abstract%29.pdf Wang, Choon Ling and Wong, Andrew H.H (2005) Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure. International Research Group on Wood Protection. ISSN 2000-8953 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291695289 |
| spellingShingle | GE Environmental Sciences SD Forestry Wang, Choon Ling Wong, Andrew H.H Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure |
| title | Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure |
| title_full | Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure |
| title_short | Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure |
| title_sort | tropical in-ground durability of structural sarawak hardwoods impregnated to high retention with cca-salts, cca-oxide and fcap after 20 years exposure |
| topic | GE Environmental Sciences SD Forestry |
| url | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/16078/1/Tropical%20in-ground%20durability%20of%20structural%20%28abstract%29.pdf |