The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans

Contemporary human land use patterns have led to changes in orangutan ecology, such as the loss of habitat. One management response to orangutan habitat loss is to relocate orangutans into regions of intact, protected habitat. Young orangutans are also kept as pets and have at times been a valuabl...

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Main Authors: Karesh, W.B., Cox-Singh, J., Prosser, Adria, Balbir, Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2002
Subjects:
Online Access:http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/1/The%20Impact%20of%20Ecological%20Conditions%20%28abstract%29.pdf
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author Karesh, W.B.
Cox-Singh, J.
Prosser, Adria
Balbir, Singh
author_facet Karesh, W.B.
Cox-Singh, J.
Prosser, Adria
Balbir, Singh
author_sort Karesh, W.B.
building UNIMAS Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Contemporary human land use patterns have led to changes in orangutan ecology, such as the loss of habitat. One management response to orangutan habitat loss is to relocate orangutans into regions of intact, protected habitat. Young orangutans are also kept as pets and have at times been a valuable commodity in the illegal pet trade. In response to this situation, government authorities have taken law enforcement action by removing these animals from private hands and attempted to rehabilitate and release these orangutans. In relocating free-ranging orangutans, the animals are typically held isolated or with family members for ,48 h and released, but during the course of rehabilitation, orangutans often spend some time in captive and semicaptive group settings. Captive/semicaptive groups have a higher density of orangutans than wild populations, and differ in other ways that may influence susceptibility to infectious disease. In order to determine the impact of these ecological settings on malaria, the prevalence of malaria was compared between 31 captive and semicaptive orangutans in a rehabilitation program at the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and 43 wild orangutans being moved in a translocation project. The prevalence of malaria parasites, as determined by blood smear and Plasmodium genus-specific nestedpolymerase chain reaction, was greater in the captive/semicaptive population (29 of 31) than in the wild population (5 of 43) even when accounting for age bias. This discrepancy is discussed in the context of population changes associated with the management of orangutans in captive/semicaptive setting, in particular a 50-fold increase in orangutan population density. The results provide an example of how an ecological change can influence pathogen prevalence.
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spelling unimas-158682017-04-06T07:03:54Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/ The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans Karesh, W.B. Cox-Singh, J. Prosser, Adria Balbir, Singh Q Science (General) QL Zoology Contemporary human land use patterns have led to changes in orangutan ecology, such as the loss of habitat. One management response to orangutan habitat loss is to relocate orangutans into regions of intact, protected habitat. Young orangutans are also kept as pets and have at times been a valuable commodity in the illegal pet trade. In response to this situation, government authorities have taken law enforcement action by removing these animals from private hands and attempted to rehabilitate and release these orangutans. In relocating free-ranging orangutans, the animals are typically held isolated or with family members for ,48 h and released, but during the course of rehabilitation, orangutans often spend some time in captive and semicaptive group settings. Captive/semicaptive groups have a higher density of orangutans than wild populations, and differ in other ways that may influence susceptibility to infectious disease. In order to determine the impact of these ecological settings on malaria, the prevalence of malaria was compared between 31 captive and semicaptive orangutans in a rehabilitation program at the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and 43 wild orangutans being moved in a translocation project. The prevalence of malaria parasites, as determined by blood smear and Plasmodium genus-specific nestedpolymerase chain reaction, was greater in the captive/semicaptive population (29 of 31) than in the wild population (5 of 43) even when accounting for age bias. This discrepancy is discussed in the context of population changes associated with the management of orangutans in captive/semicaptive setting, in particular a 50-fold increase in orangutan population density. The results provide an example of how an ecological change can influence pathogen prevalence. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2002 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/1/The%20Impact%20of%20Ecological%20Conditions%20%28abstract%29.pdf Karesh, W.B. and Cox-Singh, J. and Prosser, Adria and Balbir, Singh (2002) The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans. Vector borne and zoonotic diseases, 2 (2). pp. 97-103. ISSN 1557-7759 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10842209_The_Impact_of_Ecological_Conditions_on_the_Prevalence_of_Malaria_Among_Orangutans DOI: 10.1089/153036602321131896
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
QL Zoology
Karesh, W.B.
Cox-Singh, J.
Prosser, Adria
Balbir, Singh
The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans
title The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans
title_full The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans
title_fullStr The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans
title_short The Impact of Ecological Conditions on the Prevalence of Malaria Among Orangutans
title_sort impact of ecological conditions on the prevalence of malaria among orangutans
topic Q Science (General)
QL Zoology
url http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/
http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/15868/1/The%20Impact%20of%20Ecological%20Conditions%20%28abstract%29.pdf